英语的被动语态和主动语态怎么转换?被动语态的用法

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英语的被动语态和主动语态怎么转换?被动语态的用法
英语的被动语态和主动语态怎么转换?
被动语态的用法

英语的被动语态和主动语态怎么转换?被动语态的用法
主动语态和被动语态 1 .在英语中,动词有两种语态,即主动语态( The Active Voice )和被动语态.( The Passive Voice ).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.实际上被动语态的主语是由主动语态的谓语动词的宾语转变而来的,因此这个谓语动词必须是及物动词.被动语态是由助动词 be + 过去分词构成,当然,被动语态也有多种时态,它的时态变化都体现在助动词 be 上,后面的过去分词不变.被动语态的谓语动词的执行者可由 by 引出,往往放在句末.如不强调动作的执行者时,可省略不用.例如:Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 2 .一般现在时被动语态的构成:当谓语是一般现在时的时候,被动语态由“ be (am,is,are) + 及物动词的过去分词”构成.助动词“ be ”随人称、数的变化而改变.例如:This knife is made of wood and metal.Bananas are produced in Hainan.I am taken care of by my uncle.3 .被动语态的用法:当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,要求使用被动语态.如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时由介词 by 引导.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.中文是全世界被最多人口所讲的语言.4 .主动语态改写成被动语态的方法:将主动语态的宾语变成主语,将主动语态的谓语变成被动式 be + 过去分词,主动语态的主语变成被动语态句中 by 的宾语(或省略).如果主动语态中有两个宾语(直接宾语或间接宾语),可以把其中任意一个变成被动语态的主语.例如:Most middle school students play football.主语 谓语 宾语 Football is played by most middle school students.My teacher gives me a lot of book.(主动语态) 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态:I am given a lost of books by my teacher.被动语态:A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.5 .被动语态的疑问形式:被动语态的疑问句形式是在肯定句的基础上,把 be 动词提到句首,句末加问号构成的.如:Is the kite made by Xiao Ming?这个风筝是小明做的吗?其肯定回答和否定回答分别为:Yes,it is.是的,它是.No,it isn ' t.不,不是.6 .被动语态的否定形式:被动语态的否定形式是在肯定句中的系动词后加 not 构成的.例如:The cake isn ' t made by his mother.蛋糕不是他妈妈做的.

被动语态八注意 1.我们知道,主动语态变为被动语态时,通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语;谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式,例如: Everyone likes the interesting film. (主动语态) → The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态) They used...

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被动语态八注意 1.我们知道,主动语态变为被动语态时,通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语;谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式,例如: Everyone likes the interesting film. (主动语态) → The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态) They used knives to cut things. (主动语态) → Knives are used to cut things. (被动语态) 但是,并非所有由“be +过去分词”构成的形式就是被动语态。有时过去分词已经变为形容词,表示一种状态。试比较: My brother is very interested in English. 我哥哥对英语非常感兴趣。(状态) My brother was interested by what I told him. 我告诉他的话让我哥哥非常感兴趣。(动态) 2.在被动语态中谓语动词一定是及物动词,也就是说必须跟宾语的动词。如: We can make metals into different shapes. (主动语态) → Metals can be made into different shapes. (被动语态) 在主动语态中make是及物动词,其动作的承受者即宾语是metals。 但是,并非所有的及物动词都有被动语态。比如,表示静态的动词(have、belong to)、宾语是反身代词或相互代词等。例如: He has a nice house. 他有一所漂亮的房子。 We must help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 3.主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态时通常变为由介词by的引出的宾语。如: They have already cut down the trees. → The trees have already been cut down by them. 那些树木已经被他们砍光。 如果谓语动词是know,在变为被动语态时,原来的主语变为由to引出的宾语。如: May people know him very well. → He is well known to many people. 很多人都非常了解他。 注意:我们之所以用被动语态是因为我们不清楚动作的执行者、或没有必要指出动词的执行者等。因此很多被动语态没有由by引出的宾语。如: People may lose their lives and homes or they may be injured badly in a fire. 在大火中人们可能失去性命和家园,要不就是严重烧伤。 It is used for protecting the fireman from smoke. 它用来保护消防人员以避免吸进烟雾。 4.在主动语态变为被动语态时,时态一般应保持一致。如: We will build more factories in my hometown. → More factories will be built in my hometown. 我们家乡将要建起更多的工厂。 为此,我们必须记住以下某些时态的被动结构: do(es)→ is/am/are done did → was/were done have/has done → have/has been done will do → will be done be doing → be being done 5.某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write;buy、make等,在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出。例如: My sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday. → A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday. 我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表。 They have bought us many books. → Many books have been bought for us by them. 很多书都是由他们给我们买的。 6.某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中,其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复。如: He made us clean the classroom after school. → We were made to clean the classroom after school. 我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。 I saw him come into the room. → He was seen to come into the room. 人们看见他进了屋子。 7.在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词,变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。如: They must take good care of the children. → The children must be taken good care of. 孩子们必须小心照看。 8.英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、start等在否定句、进行时或用在某些形容词、副词前可以表示被动意义。如: This kind of books sells well. 这种书畅销。 The door won’t lock. 门锁锁不上。

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