美国华盛顿的简介景点之类的.（英文）带中文翻译.

美国华盛顿的简介景点之类的.（英文）带中文翻译.
美国华盛顿的简介景点之类的.（英文）带中文翻译.

美国华盛顿的简介景点之类的.（英文）带中文翻译.
华盛顿被美国人称为“国家的心脏”,是联邦政府的直辖区,也是美国的政治、文化、教育中心.它位于马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州交界处,全称为“华盛顿哥伦比亚特区”,是为了纪念开国元勋华盛顿和发现新大陆的哥伦布而起的.全市面积174平方公里,其所辖的市县包括马里兰州的2个县、弗吉尼亚州的4个县及费尔法克斯、福尔斯彻奇、亚历山德里亚3个城镇,人口320万,其中黑人约占70%.
　　华盛顿市区位于波托马克河和阿纳卡斯蒂亚河汇合处的东北岸,冬冷夏热,7月温度约在20-31℃,1月则在3--6℃；全年雨水充足,年平均降水量1068毫米,季节分配较均匀.历史上这里曾是印第安人的居住地,17世纪初欧洲移民在此建立烟草种植园.1789年华盛顿决定在此建都.
　　华盛顿是世界各国少有的仅以政府行政职能为主的现代化大城市.因为联邦政府禁止在该市发展工业,所以财政收入主要依赖政府公务及各企业的业务活动,其次是旅游业.制造业只占经济结构的一小部分,以印刷出版业、食品工业、高级化妆和服装业为主.
　　市区呈正四边形,布局匀称,视野开阔.全市的建筑物都不超过华盛顿纪念碑的高度,市中心的国会大厦是全城最高的大楼,也不过只有八层楼.1790年国会决定将巴洛克建筑风格与凡尔赛、巴黎建筑风格融合在一起,在波托马克河畔建都.从市中心起,以北、东、南3条国会大街和迈尔为分区的基线,可把市区分为西北、东北、西南和东南4区.其中心部位有建于低矮丘陵国会山的国会大厦,大厦西北约2．5公里处为总统居住的白宫.国会大厦和白宫之间有"联邦三角"建筑群,包括联邦政府各部、机构以及国家美术馆、国家档案馆、泛美联盟、史密森国家博物馆和联邦储备大厦等.国会大厦东邻为最高法院大厦,附近的国会图书馆为仅次于莫斯科列宁图书馆的世界第二大馆,毗邻的莎士比亚图书馆以藏莎翁著作及其研究文献而著称于世.国防部所在的五角大楼座落于波托马克河西南岸.
　　城区有数百处纪念建筑物、纪念碑、雕像等,大部与历届总统有关.在市区西部、波托马克河东岸的绿化地带,有历史上3位总统的纪念地：华盛顿纪念塔面临波托马克河公园,为白大理石的方尖塔,高169米,可俯视全市景色.沿河是著名的日本樱花林；纪念塔西面有林肯纪念堂,为古希腊式建筑,堂外有36根白大理石圆校,象征当时组成国家的36个州；内有林肯坐像；纪念塔南面有杰斐逊总统纪念堂,堂外有他的骑马雕像.1971年又建成约翰.肯尼迪中心,包括现代化的剧院、音乐厅、歌剧院、交响乐院和芭蕾舞剧院等.
　　华盛顿多公园、林荫道和草地广场,漫步街头,随处可见苍绿的植物.留连期间,这个象征美利坚精神的城市会给你留下深刻的映象.市内最大公园是罗克公园,占地710公顷,位于市区西北.设在华盛顿的著名大学有建于1789年的乔治敦大学,以及乔治·华盛顿大学、美利坚大学和霍华特大学等,后者为全国最大的黑人学生占优势的大学.
　　春天是华盛顿的旅游旺季,潮汐湖和华盛顿纪念碑附近盛开的樱花将整个城市衬托得分外美丽,这个季节去华盛顿可以目睹这个城市最美丽的一面.
　　When you hear people talk about Washington, D.C., you may want to know what the letters D.C.mean.They mean'District of Columbia'.Washington, the capital city of the U.S.A., is in the District of Columbia, not, as you might expect, in the State of Washington.Washington State is thousands of miles away on the north-west coast.(There are also several other towns called Wash ington in the United States.)
　　Washington, D.C.lies between Virginia and Maryland on the Potomac River.It's about 220 miles south of New York City.The pleasantest and easiest way to get there is by long-distance bus, or by the fast(125-miles-an-hour)train which costs a little more than the bus journey and a little less than flying.I would travel far more than 200 miles to see Washington It's not a city that has grown up accidentally as most big cities have done.It was carefully planned as the nation's capital by a Frenchman, Pierre L'Enfant.The city was named after George Washington, the much-loved, much-ad mired, much-respected first President of the United States.In 1791he himself arranged to buy the land on which it stands.
　　Now let's take our first look at the capital.For a few moments you may feel you are dreaming and that you have stepped back through the centuries into ancient Greece.Many of the beautiful, shining white buildings are built in the noble style of the ancient Greek temples, and stand in wide avenues amid trees and fountains. Most of them are museums or Government offices.Government is the chief business of Washington.The chief Government building is called the Capitol.With its high dome, it looks a little like St Paul's in London or St Peter's in Rome.It stands on a hill overlooking the city, which is divided by Rock Creek Park.A long wide avenue called the Mall leads to the Capitol.At the other end of this avenue a tall, white, needle-like building points to the sky.This is, of course, the highest“needle”in the world--the Washington Monu ment.
　　On both sides of the Mall are museums and GOvernment build ings.What a surprise this city is!Washington and New York seem to be in two different worlds.Here there are no huge office skyscrapers and so it's not necessary to lean back wards to look up all the time.Then there is the Washington Cathedral which looks very like a cathedral in an old European city.Of course, as in any other big city, parts of Washington are not so pleasant.There are narrow dirty little streets and ugly houses.But there are many splendid things to see and, because Washington covers such a wide area, the easiest way to see them is to take a special sight-seeing bus or a“mini-bus”or“tourmobile”.But don't expect the guides on the buses to give you a very serious talk.
　　On one tour, I remember, the guide told us: “That's the Washington Monument, folks, ”'(PeoPle here are often addressed as “folks”).“It's the highest'needle' of its kind in the world.”And then he added, “At least, I don't know a higher one!”
　　This is the city where America remembers her famous Presi dents.The guide will take you to see the memorials to them.The Jefferson Memorial is a very beautiful white building in the shape of a circle.Its roof is supported by tall columns.Inside stands a statue of President Jefferson.The Lincoln Memorial is a huge white build ing.Inside you can see a famous statue of Abraham Lincoln, sitting in a great chair.The theatre where he was murdered while watch ing a play is now a museum, the Lincoln Museum.Then there is the memorial to President Kennedy at Arlington.Here a flame which was lit on the day of his funeral burns and is never put out.Like Lincoln, Kennedy was shot.Another, newer, memorial to him is the John F.Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, over looking the Potomac River.It is a huge place and contains the Eisenhower Theatre, and opera house and the concert hall which is the home of the National Symphony Orchestra.Operas, ballets and concerts are frequently performed there.
　　Across the Potomac River is the Pentagon, a strange, low, five-sided building.This is the headquarters of the American army, and is also the American Ministry of Defense.During World War Ⅱ more than 35, 000 people were employed here, which gives you an idea of its size.
　　Everyone, of course, wants to see the White House.On my first visit to Washington a stranger came up to me and asked if I knew where the White House was.I felt pleased to be able to give him directions.In fact I had just left it.I could not have told him where any other place was!The White House really is white, clean shining white, and the beautiful gardens around it make it look like a pleasant American country house.The public is allowed inside on guided tours.
　　You could spend days at the Smithsonian Institute, which in cludes ten buildings, housing the Museums of Natural History, National Gallery of Art, Arts and Industries Building and several others.Here also is the Air and Space Building which is packed with the history of flying, from the early days up to our own time of space travel.It is exciting to see a model of the strange-looking machine which, in 1969, landed two men on the moon.Also the actual spaceship in which the three Americans travelled safely back to Earth, ending the greatest adventure in the history of the world.Here you will feel close to it all, and astonished that it was ever possible.
　　Should you feel that you'd like to know more about the history of America, you could visit the Wax Museum on 4th and E Streets, where there are life-like scenes, with sound and move ment, from the country's past.Afterwards, for some fun and a laugh, go to watch the performing dolphins in the dolphin theatre.
　　If you've any dollar left, you might like to spend a few lazy hours shopping and eating in Georgetown.It's an interesting old town with a lot of eighteenth century houses and it is conveniently near the centre of the city.
　　Visitors should make the interesting 15-mile boat-trip down the broad Potomac River to the home of George Washington, which is at Mount Vernon in the state of Virginia.You can eat and drink on the boat, and enjoy music and dancing by moonlight.George Washington's home is a simple white country house kept just as it was when he lived there.Here, also, guides will take you inside and show you around.American parents from all parts of the country bring their children to this famous and popular place, for they are all taught at school that George Washington was'the father of his country'.
　　纽约
　　A huge suspension bridge, the second largest span in the world, now crosses the Verrazanon Narrows through which every ship must pass on its way to New York Harbor and the docks along side the banks of the Hudson River.Giovanni da Verrazano, an Italian explorer, was the first person to approach these narrows, while searching for a northwest passage to the Pacific in 1524.He paused, but decided there was no point in exploring any further.The English explorer, Henry Hudson, was the first to sail into New York Harbor(in 1609) and up the river to which he gave his name.He, too, was looking for a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
　　The English, however, were not the first to colonize New York.The Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the Indians for what today would be the equivalent of＄24!They named it New Amsterdam.In 1653 New Amsterdam had a population of 800. The Dutch discovered that the island's soil lay on hard rock, while much of the land between the island and the coastal strip was swamp.They filled the swamp with their garbage and so created what is today Brooklyn. They also improved the soil of the northern area, now known as the Bronx.
　　In 1664 the English and the Dutch went to war.New Amster dam was seized by the English fleet, and finally, in 1674, it became an English colony.It was renamed New York.The Dutch and English colonists got on well together, sharing the same spirit of independence.They were both fiercely separatist in the American Revolution, and fought side by side against the British.
　　After the war, New York became the first capital of the Unit ed States, being already the largest city in North America.By the end of the 18th century it had a population of 60 thousand, but it grew rapidly during the 19th century thanks to the millions of im migrants who landed there.However, New York did not remain the capital for long.In 1793 the foundation of a new capital city was laid by Washington, and the Americans called their new capital Washington, after their great leader.New York, however, became one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world and has at present a population of more than 8 million.
　　Modern New York is an exciting city.The architecture of Manhattan, with its soaring skyscrapers, is not soulless, as many foreigners imagine.The materials used-copper, stainless steel, con crete and glass--give the buildings a striking beauty.The long av enues, broad and straight, lined with expensive stores and massive apartment houses, impress by their scale alone.So does Central Park whose trees and rocks and lakes almost give the impression of a wilderness.
　　New York is an impressive place for those who love the arts.Its museums and numerous art galleries, the concerts, opera and ballet performed at the Lincoln Center, the theaters on and off Broadway and in Greenwich Village, make it one of the world's centers of the arts.
　　New York, of course, has other faces less attractive.The poor districts of the city have some of the worst slums in the U.S.A., and it is not safe for a white person to walk in the black ghettos of Harlem and the Bronx.Its crime rate is among the highest in the western world.
　　The narrow canyon of Wall Street, right down on the tip of Manhattan, is the center of New York's business world, whose power full influence is felt by countries everywhere.New York has what many people consider to be the finest daily newspaper in the English language--the New York Times.
　　Many foreigners mistakenly believe that Manhattan is New York, whereas Manhattan is just one of New York's five bor oughs. It is not the largest.The Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens are now larger than Manhattan, leaving only far away Richmond, on the other side of the Verrazano Narrows, with a smaller popula tion.These four boroughs have been called the“bedrooms” of Manhattan, because most of their residents work in Manhattan.
　　New York's boroughs are still divided up into neighborhoods, and moving from one to another is still rather like moving from one country to another.
　　New York is a city of bridges and tunnels, for both Manhattan and Richmond are islands and the city as a whole has a waterfront of 520 miles.
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