2017年托福阅读长难句练习：对犯罪和法律的态度

　　Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories，which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups(these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law)and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
　　=Historians/ such as Le Roy Ladurie/ have used the documents to extract case histories/，which have illuminated the attitudes/ of different social groups/ (these attitudes include/，but are not confined to/，attitudes toward crime and the law)/and have revealed/ how the authorities administered justice/.
　　#史学家/如Le Roy Ladurie/曾经利用这些文献去提取出个案史/，它们说明了态度/不同社会群体的/(这些态度包括/，但并非局限于/，对犯罪和法律的态度)/，并揭示出/当权者是如何妨碍司法的。
　　*这个句子本来很容易理解，但是在中间用括号加了一个句子，打乱了读者的思路，使句子的难度增加。但是我们知道括号中的内容是补充内容，也就是可有可无，没有它原句仍然成立，所以我们可以跳过括号看全句，读完再看括号中的内容。这个句子如果变成…which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups that include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law…难度又增加了，所以有些内容可以跳过，或者存放在脑中的另一部分，不去打扰句子的主要意思。托福考试(TOEFL)