you may take anything you like ()this pen.it belongs to me这里面pen是anything的一部分,但为什么用except呢?He finished his homework () a diary.这里面日记也是家庭作业里的一部分,为什么用except for?求讲解,我现在

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you may take anything you like ()this pen.it belongs to me这里面pen是anything的一部分,但为什么用except呢?He finished his homework () a diary.这里面日记也是家庭作业里的一部分,为什么用except for?求讲解,我现在
you may take anything you like ()this pen.it belongs to me
这里面pen是anything的一部分,但为什么用except呢?He finished his homework () a diary.这里面日记也是家庭作业里的一部分,为什么用except for?求讲解,我现在已经完全搞混了他们的用法,某种意义上来说日记和家庭作业不是同类吗?pen和anything 也是同类吧?

you may take anything you like ()this pen.it belongs to me这里面pen是anything的一部分,但为什么用except呢?He finished his homework () a diary.这里面日记也是家庭作业里的一部分,为什么用except for?求讲解,我现在
为您解答如下:
pen 不是 anything (任何一种东西)的一部分,而是并列的关系,需要用except.另例:
I wouldn't have accepted anything except a job in Europe.
homework 和a diary 不同类,它们是整体与部分的关系.
except for a diary 表示“要不是还有一个日记(要写)”.
两者有时候能互换,都能用于引导一种能使某个说法不成立的东西.如:
There is nothing to indicate the building's past,except (for) the fireplace.(例句来自“剑桥在线”)
except 还能用于引导不能适用某个说法的情况,如:
You are handsome except when you are angry.