作业帮#[17] ______ full preparations,the President referred to his notes now and then giving the speech.A.Not having madeB.Not madeC.Not to have madeD.Not to make请帮忙翻译并分析.
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#[17] ______ full preparations,the President referred to his notes now and then giving the speech.A.Not having madeB.Not madeC.Not to have madeD.Not to make请帮忙翻译并分析.
#[17] ______ full preparations,the President referred to his notes now and then giving the speech.
A.Not having made
B.Not made
C.Not to have made
D.Not to make
请帮忙翻译并分析.
#[17] ______ full preparations,the President referred to his notes now and then giving the speech.A.Not having madeB.Not madeC.Not to have madeD.Not to make请帮忙翻译并分析.
翻译：（因为）没有做好充分的准备,总统/校长/董事长做演讲时 时不时地查阅自己的笔记/摘记.
此题考查非谓语结构做句子状语的用法.
1.不定式放在句首说,一般只能做目的状语,此时句意“为了没有做好充分准备,...”明显不通,排除CD；
2.过去分词made做状语时,表明句子主语（即made的逻辑主语）the President和make full preparations之间为被动关系,也明显不对,排除B.
3.句子主语the President和make full preparations之间明显为主动关系,本应该使用making full.
但是考虑到状语动作not make full preparations发生在谓语动作referred to之前,所以使用现在分词的完成形式having done sth更佳,所以答案A为最佳.
4.另：现在分词/过去分词的否定式,须在Ving/V-ed前面直接加上not即可；
不定式的否定形式,则是在to前面加上not.
所以,最终的正确答案为A Not having made...
答案选A.Not having made,，因为这句话主语是the President ，不能用被动语态，所以排除B.Not made。C.Not to have made 没有这种结构，根本错误。这句话时表示相伴随有一个并列递进的关系，并没有将来的意思，所以D.Not to make 也排除。
首先，排除B，因为主语是the President，所以不能用made；其次，主语是the Prisedent，根据语意，是主动的动作，而且，referred是过去时，所以选A，表示已经做了准备。