present perfect tense,past perfect tense两者的用法,用中文答

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present perfect tense,past perfect tense两者的用法,用中文答
present perfect tense,past perfect tense
两者的用法,用中文答

present perfect tense,past perfect tense两者的用法,用中文答
present perfect tense,past perfect tense现在完成时和过去完成时用法的区别在于,看他们有无两个表过去的时间,若有,就用过去完成时!
1.现在完成时表示过去发生某动作从过去一直持续到现在(将来还有可能继续下去).常和for+时间段和since+时间点连用.
I have studied English for 3 years.( 从过去持续到现在)
I have taught here since I came here.( 主句的动作“教”从过去持续到现在),(记住:since(从……)从句的动作要用过去时,我们平时不是爱说“从过去”吗?)
2.过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达的是“过去的过去”,即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时.运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作,一定要注意这点哟!
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!)
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.
(“上期期末”已过去,而是在其前“学”的就更过去了!)

现在完成时的用法:
一、结束性用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never ,before等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:
1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:
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现在完成时的用法:
一、结束性用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never ,before等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:
1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:
1)I've already read this book?我已经读过这本书了。
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)
2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。
(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)
注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于疑问句中。实例:
3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?
2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:
1)—H as he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?
—No,not yet.不,还没有。
2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)
3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。
4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。
5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:
1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?
2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。
二、持续性用法:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去时间点或从句(从句用一般过去时)?以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。实例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4)She's been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
注意:在这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。
1)他入团两年了。
误:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
2)我买这辆自行车三年了。
误:I have bought this bike for three years.
正:I have had this bike for three years.

过去完成时的用法
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

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现在完成式
过去完成式

现在完成时是指过去的动作或状态对现在造成了影响,一般可以从因果关系上判断.
Where have you put my pen? I can't find it.
过去完成时是过去某一时间前发生的动作或状态,是过去的过去.
When we got there, they had sold all the tickets.