求定语从句的所有用法所有区别!

求定语从句的所有用法所有区别!
求定语从句的所有用法
所有区别!

求定语从句的所有用法所有区别!
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住：
1.what不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分.
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：
A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that.
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复.
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定语从句中
A.I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who.
二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注：
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后.
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C． 指物时,下列情况下只能用that ,不宜用which.
（1）先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等.
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时.
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时.
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that.
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时.
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that.
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that.
（1）关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that,Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as,不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三．比较When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了.(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格.) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力.（没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力.）
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确.） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响.） 与主句关系密切,不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇.
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气.
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容.但有两点不同之处：
1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面.
2． 在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论.因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2.再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料,他又迟到了./他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的.
2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏.（不用as）
3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的.（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处.（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样,英语对于初学者说,是相当难学的.在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替.如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了.
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里.
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人.
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样,都起得很早.
“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致.如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词.如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换,但下列情况多用as.
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时,一般用as. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如be known,be said,be reported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语.
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

定语从句
定语从句是用来修饰、描述或提供有关名词、代词或整个主句信息的从句。它在整个句子中起形容词的作用。被修饰的名词，语法上称作先行词。从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句、连接先行词的作用，同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分，如：主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、定语或状语等。定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导：
(1) who, whom...

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定语从句
定语从句是用来修饰、描述或提供有关名词、代词或整个主句信息的从句。它在整个句子中起形容词的作用。被修饰的名词，语法上称作先行词。从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句、连接先行词的作用，同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分，如：主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、定语或状语等。定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导：
(1) who, whom, that
(2) which, that
(3) whose
(4) when
(5) Where
(6) why
1. 修饰、指代人物
关系代词who， that 引导的从句修饰、指代人物，在从句中作主语。
(1) 关系代词作主语
(1) I thank the woman.
She helped me.
a. I thank the woman who helped me.
b. I thank the woman that helped me.
(2) 关系代词作宾语
关系代词whom, who, that 在从句中作动词宾语时，修饰、指代人物。Whom 是宾格形式， 常用于较正式的英语中。who和that 常用于口语和非正式的英语中。在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下，作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略。
（2）The man told me to come back.
I saw him in the office.
a. The man whom I saw in the office told me to come back.
b. The man who I saw in the office told me to come back.
c. The man that I saw in the office told me to come back.
d. The man I saw in the office told me to come back.
我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去。
注意：1. 引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面，例如： 从句whom I saw in the office，虽
然关系代词whom 在句子中作动词的宾语，也应放在从句的最前面。
2. 从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面。从句whom I saw in the office是用来修饰the man,
所以应放在the man 后面。
(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，正式英语中，往往将介词提到关系代词前面。
（3） The woman spoke French.
I traveled with her.
a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.
和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语。
注意：在这类句子中修饰、指代人物时，只能用whom 。关系代词不可以用who 或that。 也不可以省略
关系代词。
在口语和非正式英语中，介词往往放在原来的位置，即：在谓语动词之后。在这种情况下，关系代
词可以是who/ whom/that， 也可以省略。
b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.
c. The woman who I travelled with spoke English.
d. The woman that I travelled with spoke English.
e. The woman I travelled with spoke English.
2. 修饰、指代事物
关系代词that, which引导的从句用来修饰、指代事物，它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾
语。
(1) 关系代词作主语
例句: Did you hear about the earthquake?
It happened in San Francisco last week.
a. Did you hear about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco last week?
b. Did you hear about the earthquake which happened in San Francisco last week?
你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗？
关系代词that / which引导的定语从句修饰名词earthquake。在从句that / which happened in San
Francisco last week 中作句子的主语。“”
注意：当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略。a. b. 两例句意思一样. Which 要比that正式一些。
(2) 关系代词作宾语
例句: The movie wasn’t very good.
We saw it last night.
a. The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good.
b. The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good.
c. The movie we saw last night wasn’t very good.
我们昨晚看的那部电影不怎么样。
关系代词that / which 引导的从句修饰名词The movie。在从句that we saw last night中，that/ which 作动词saw的宾语。关系代词作动词宾语的时候可以省略。
(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
在从句中，如果关系代词是作介词的宾语，正式英语中需要前置，即，将介词置于关系代词之前。
例句: He is standing on a chair.
Is it firm enough?
a. Is the chair on which he is standing firm enough?
他站的那把椅子结实吗？
on which he is standing 是which引导的从句，修饰the chair。Which在从句中作介词on的宾语。在英语口语和非正式的英语中，介词可以放在动词的后面。关系代词可以用which, that, 也可以省略。
b. Is the chair which he is standing on firm enough?
c. Is the chair that he is standing on firm enough?
d. Is the chair he is standing on firm enough?
在例句b. c. d. ，从句that he is standing on中的介词后置，关系代词作介词on的宾语，可以用that/which, 也可以省略。
(4) 应该使用that的情况
有些情况下，that不能与which交换使用。
a. 当从句修饰不定代词，如all, everything, something, little, much, none，the only, those 等时，必须用that 来引导从句。在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时，可以省略。
例: Listen, there is something (that) I must tell you.
听着，有些事情我必须告诉你。
b. 如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时，引导从句的关系代词也应用that.
例: All the apples (that) we picked were sent to the factory.
所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂去了。
c. 如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰，从句应用that 引导。
例: This is the best novel (that) I know.
这是我所知道的最好的一部小说。
d. 如果先行词被序数词所修饰，从句应用that 引导。
例: The first English film that interested me was Gone with the Wind.
第一部使我感兴趣的英文电影是“飘”。
3. 表示所有格关系
whose 用来表示所属关系，它的意思相当于：his, her, its, their等等。Whose 可以用来修饰人，也可以修饰物。whose和它所修饰的名词都置于句首。
(1) 修饰人物
（1） The man called the police.
His wallet was stolen.
a． The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.
钱包被窃的那个男人给警察打了电话。
Whose引导的从句whose wallet was stolen，修饰the man. Whose 在从句中起定语作用，修饰wallet， 意思是his。
(2) 修饰事物
(2) I’m working in the house.
Its walls are made of glass. ( The walls of the house are made of glass.)
a. I’m working in the house whose walls are made of glass.
我在那座四面墙都是玻璃的房子里工作。
whose walls = the walls of the house
whose = of which
4. 修饰表示时间的名词
When 引导的从句往往是用来修饰一个表示时间的名词，如：time, year, month, day, century 等等。When 在从句中起时间状语的作用。
（1）I’ll never forget the day.
I met you then (on that day).
a. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
b. I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.
我永远也忘不了见到你的那一天。
例句a. 中when引导的从句修饰the day. When在从句中起时间状语的作用，意思是on the day. 因此，when可以用on which替代。
（2）1949 is the year.
The new China was founded then (in that year).
a. 1949 is the year when the new China was founded.
b. 1949 is the year in which the new China was founded.

When引导的从句修饰表示时间的名词the year. 1949年是新中国成立的那一年。When在从句中作时间状语，意思是in that year. 在此句中，when 可以用in which 来替换。看例句b. 在句中，which 指代的是the year.

(3) 7:50 is the time.
My plane arrives then (at that time).
a. 7:50 is the time when my plane arrives.
b. 7:50 is the time at which my plane arrives.
7:50 是我乘坐的飞机到达的时间。
When引导的从句修饰名词the time, when在从句中作时间状语。意思是at that time.在这句话中，
when可以用at which替代。
5. 修饰表示地点的名词
Where引导的从句用来修饰表示地点的名词，例如：city, country, room, house等等。Where 在从句中起地点状语的作用。
(1) The building is very old.
He lives there (in that building).
a. The building where he lives is very old.
b. The building in which he lives is very old.
c. The building which he lives in is very old.
d. The building that he lives in is very old.
e. The building he lives in is very old.
他住的那座楼很旧。

a. Where引导的从句修饰名词building. Where在从句中作地点状语，意思是in that building.
b. 介词前置。
c. d. e. 介词在原来的位置上。 如果用where引导从句修饰名词，从句中就不必使用介词。否则就必须
使用介词。
（2）That is the park.
We are going to have a picnic there (at that park).
a. That is the park where we are going to have a picnic.
b. That is the park at which we are going to have a picnic.
c. That is the park which we are going to have a picnic at.
d. That is the park that we are going to have a picnic at.
e. That is the park we are going to have a picnic at.
那就是我们将去吃野餐的公园。（我们将在那个公园吃野餐）。
Where 的意思是at the park, 可以用at which替换。
6. 非限定性从句
限定性定语从句起限制、确定先行词的作用，用来说明先行词的特征与属性。如果省略，就会影响句子的意思。
非限定性定语从句则是起补充信息的作用，如果省略，并不会影响句子的意思。非限定性定语从句与主句用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句常用于书面语。
(1) A. My friend who had been driving all day suggested stopping at the next town.
我那位开了一整天车的朋友建议到下一个镇子停下。
这是一句限定性定语从句。这句话的含义是说还有其他不开车的朋友
B. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
彼特开了一整天车，他建议到下一个镇子停下。
这是一句非限定性定语从句的句子，它只起补充信息的作用。如果，将从句who had been driving all day略掉，也不会影响句子的原意。

（2）The books , which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
这些书将为你提供所需要的所有信息，你可以在任何一家书店买到。
（3）Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.
安的孩子们整天都在学校，（所以）她试图找一份工作做。
注意: 在非限定性定语从句中，只有wh-的代词可以使用。无论指人或指物都不能使用that。

收起

上面二楼的是在网站
http://www.qiaoxue365.com/zhongxue/UploadFile/faq/faq_r2008226181405.doc
复制的，你去看看吧
说实话，定语从句不是一句两句就能讲完的，我不熟悉键盘，没有办法帮你讲解下来了。不好意思啊！
但上面那个网站讲的还是不错的，你看看吧...

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上面二楼的是在网站
http://www.qiaoxue365.com/zhongxue/UploadFile/faq/faq_r2008226181405.doc
复制的，你去看看吧
说实话，定语从句不是一句两句就能讲完的，我不熟悉键盘，没有办法帮你讲解下来了。不好意思啊！
但上面那个网站讲的还是不错的，你看看吧

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定语从句的作用就是在句中充当定语修饰前面的现行词，而定语从句得考点一般是考察定语从句得连接词。主要分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有That、which其中当先行词在定语从句中充当宾语，且是限制性得定语从句的话。That就可以省略。关系副词有Whenwherewhy.均在从句中充当状语。且有一定的含义！...

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定语从句的作用就是在句中充当定语修饰前面的现行词，而定语从句得考点一般是考察定语从句得连接词。主要分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有That、which其中当先行词在定语从句中充当宾语，且是限制性得定语从句的话。That就可以省略。关系副词有Whenwherewhy.均在从句中充当状语。且有一定的含义！

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