英语翻译To understand the wideth and depth to which science can be appiled to the material spiritual problem that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.

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英语翻译To understand the wideth and depth to which science can be appiled to the material spiritual problem that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.
1.To understand the width and depth to which science can be appiled to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations 是一个很长的动词不定式短语作主语.之所以长,是因为包含了2个定语从句,而且是“大从句套小从句”结构.具体来说,to which science can be appiled to the material and spiritual problem that confront individuals and nations 是大定语从句,修饰 the wideth and depth ,这个大定语从句中又有一个小定语从句 that confront individuals and nations.分步翻译：“要理解广度和深度……”,什么广度和深度?用第一个定语从句来说明,是“科学可以用来解决物质问题和精神问题的广度和深度.”什么样的物质问题和精神问题呢?用第二个定语从句来说明,是个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题.
2.紧跟在主语后面的是谓语动词 requires 需要,尽管主语很长,但只是单一的不定式,所以按单数算,谓语动词变成了单数第三人称.
3.紧跟在谓语后面的是宾语,即 an understanding of what science really is,这个宾语是一个动名词短语,其中包含一个介词宾语从句 what science really is.整个宾语的意思是“懂得科学究竟是什么”.
4.这样整个句子就能理解了：“要理解科学可以用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题的广度和深度,需要懂得科学究竟是什么.”这个翻译有点过于拘谨,也可以更灵活一点：“要理解科学可以在多大广度和深度上用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题,需要首先懂得科学究竟是什么.”
5.再探讨你提出的第一个语法点：to which 是“介词+关系代词”结构,引导定语从句.遇到关系代词,一定要研究它指代什么.这里 to which = to the width and depth,那么介词 to 是“达到了”,即“达到了这种广度和深度”.这是一个介词短语,作什么用?作状语,用来修饰大定语从句的谓语can be appiled,即科学可以用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题已经达到了这种广度和深度.
6.再探讨你提出的第二个语法点：of what 首先要知道介词 of 的一个用法：放在动名词后面引导动名词的宾语,这个 of 看起来似乎多余,但它加强了“严肃郑重”的语气,例如：my studying history 与 my studying of history 基本上是同义的,都是“我研究历史”,但后者更严肃.其次,what 引导一个介词宾语从句,即 what science really is.

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To understand the wideth and depth to which science can be appiled to the material spiritual problem that confront individuals and nations 主语
requires 谓语
an understanding of what science really is. 宾语
为了理解科学可以应用于个人和国家面临的物质精神问题的广度与深度，理解科学的真谛是有必要的。
of what science really is 修饰understanding 做定语

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1. To understand the width and depth to which science can be appiled to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations 是一个很长的动词不定式短语作主语。之所以长，是因为包含了2个定语从句，而且是“大从句套小从句”结构。具体来说，to which science can be appiled to the material and spiritual problem that confront individuals and nations 是大定语从句，修饰 the wideth and depth ，这个大定语从句中又有一个小定语从句 that confront individuals and nations。分步翻译：“要理解广度和深度……”，什么广度和深度？用第一个定语从句来说明，是“科学可以用来解决物质问题和精神问题的广度和深度。”什么样的物质问题和精神问题呢？用第二个定语从句来说明，是个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题。
2. 紧跟在主语后面的是谓语动词 requires 需要，尽管主语很长，但只是单一的不定式，所以按单数算，谓语动词变成了单数第三人称。
3. 紧跟在谓语后面的是宾语，即 an understanding of what science really is，这个宾语是一个动名词短语，其中包含一个介词宾语从句 what science really is。整个宾语的意思是“懂得科学究竟是什么”。
4. 这样整个句子就能理解了：“要理解科学可以用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题的广度和深度，需要懂得科学究竟是什么。”这个翻译有点过于拘谨，也可以更灵活一点：“要理解科学可以在多大广度和深度上用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题，需要首先懂得科学究竟是什么。”
5. 再探讨你提出的第一个语法点：to which 是“介词+关系代词”结构，引导定语从句。遇到关系代词，一定要研究它指代什么。这里 to which = to the width and depth，那么介词 to 是什么意思呢？是“达到了”，即“达到了这种广度和深度”。这是一个介词短语，作什么用？作状语，用来修饰大定语从句的谓语can be appiled，即科学可以用来解决个人和国家所面临的物质问题和精神问题已经达到了这种广度和深度。
6. 再探讨你提出的第二个语法点：of what 是什么意思？首先要知道介词 of 的一个用法：放在动名词后面引导动名词的宾语，这个 of 看起来似乎多余，但它加强了“严肃郑重”的语气，例如：my studying history 与 my studying of history 基本上是同义的，都是“我研究历史”，但后者更严肃。其次，what 引导一个介词宾语从句，即 what science really is。
7. 如有不同意见或更多语法问题，欢迎来邮 zhoushihong_cool@163.com。

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要理解科学能应用到（面临个人和国家）物质精神问题到哪种宽度和深度需要理解科学究竟是什么。
（To understand the wideth and depth to which）（ science can be appiled to the material spiritual problem）（ that confront individuals and nations） requir...

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