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高考必备:英语语法精要详解07作文

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高考必备:英语语法精要详解07作文高中作文

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高考必备:英语语法精要详解07



英语语法精要讲解二十八:特殊疑问句

 

  WHAT

  ● what…like ? ①人或事物的外观特征;②天气

  What’s your brother like ? (长相或人品)

  What’s t the weather like today ?

  How do you like the film ?

  What do you like ?

  ● what time / date / year …

  --What’s the date today ?

  -- (It’s) October 15.

  --What date will he arrive ?

  -- (He’ll arrive) on October 15.

  ● what…for ? = why

  --What’s it for ?

  --(it’s for) cutting grass.

  --What did you do that for ?

  -- Because I wanted to save time.

  ( To save time.)

  ●what kind(s) / sort(s) of…?

  What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?

  ●what size

  --What size shoes do you take ?

  -- (Size) 41.

  ●what height / length / depth / age

  →how high / long / deep / old

  What’s the height of that mountain ?

  What height is that mountain ?

  How high is that mountain ?

  WHICH

  ●which day /month / year…? (比when更具体)

  -- Don’t forget his birthday ?

  -- I won’t. Which /What day is it ?

  ●which / what /who 比较

  which 更具体,或用which one

  Which book are you going to buy ?(哪本书)

  What book are you going to buy ?(哪种书)

  Who do you like best ?

  Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ?

  WHY

  ●Why not (don’t you) buy a new coat ?

  ●--Let s set out tonight.

  --Yes, why not.

  HOW

  ●How is your mother ?

  How is your mother getting along ?

  ●How is the weather there ?

  What’s the weather like today ?

  ●How do you find the film ?

  How do you like the film?

  How / What about the film ?

  What do you think of the film?

  ●--How often do you go to the zoo ?

  --Once every two months.

  ●--How soon will you be ready to start ?

  -- In two days .

  ●How far is it from here to the airport ?

  综合问题

  ①简答中介词跟在疑问词之后

  -- I want to leave this parcel.

  --Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)

  ②else跟在疑问词后 (which 和whose 除外)

  Where else did you go ?

  ③用do 作简略回答

  --Who wants a lift ? (搭便车)

  -- I do.

  --How many students understood this ?

  --They all did.

  ④用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑问词后强调

  Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?

英语语法精要讲解二十九:反意疑问句

 

  1、陈述句主语是-one, -body 时,疑问部分主语用they

  Nobody says a word, do they ?

  2、陈述句主语是-thing, this, that 时,疑问部分主语用it

  Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ?

  3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时,疑问部分用it

  Swimming is great fun, isn’t it ?

  4、感叹句的反意疑问句 (感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句。)

  What fine weather, isn’t it?

  5、祈使句的反意疑问句

  Do that, will you ? (won’t you )

  6、Let’s… , Let us…

  Let’s go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?

  7、I’m

  I’m interested in English, aren’t I ?

  8、I wish…

  I wish I were you, may I ?

  9、含had better, would rather, would like to do

  You’d better come early, hadn’t you ?

  You’d rather work than play, wouldn’t you ?

  10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时,疑问部分用肯定

  few, little, hardly, never, no one, no

  There is little ink in your pen, is there ?

  11、加前后缀构成的否定,疑问部分仍然用否定

  It’s unfair, isn’t it ?

  12、陈述部分有must

  ①must be 对现在情况进行推测

  He must be very tired, isn’t he ?

  ②must have done (对过去推测) 有过去时间状语

  He must have come yesterday, didn’t he ?

  ③must have done (由过去延续到现在)

  He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasn’t he ?

  ④must + v. 一定要, 必须

  You must renew the book, needn’t you ?

  13、当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是,当陈述部分的主语是:Isuppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, Iexpect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

  14、当陈述部分是I’m sure that,;we are sure;I’m afraid that;We are surethat;I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

  15、当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

  16、在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。

  如: Oh, he is a writer, is he?

  You’ll not go, won’t you?

英语语法精要讲解三十:否定句

 

  1. not…and; not…or; not…nor, neither…nor

  It’s not tall and wide. (部分否定)

  It’s not tall or wide. (全部否定)

  Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. (全部否定)

  2. no; not

  ● no - adv. -adj. = not a , not any

  Sorry, there’s no time to talk.

  ● not -adv.

  Ask him, not his wife.

  I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday.

  He failed not because he isn’t clever but because

  he didn’t work hard.

  3. no more (not …any more);

  no longer (not any longer)

  Time lost will return no more. (动作的重复次数)

  He doesn’t work here any longer.(动作的延续)

  4. no; none; no one :

  no 是一个限定词,用在单数(可数或不可数)名词和复数名词前面,也就是说一个名词前面没有冠词、物主代词或者代词的时候,才可以用它;而在the , my, your, this, these, that等词前面,应该使用none of, none,可指人或物,而no one指人

  There were no letters for you this morning, I’m afraid.

  None of my friends live near here.

  I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came.

  ☆ A little money is better than at all. (none)

  I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none)

  There is telling when he will be back. (no)

  --Who is in the room ?

  -- . (No one)

  5.否定转移: 下列词后接从句,如果否定,否定词前移,但hope 例外, think, believe, expect,suppose

  I don’t think that he will come.

  I hope that it won’t rain.

  6.避免否定误用

  He asked me a second question before

  I answer the first one. A. could B. couldn’t

  7.Nothing is + 比较级+ than to + V. Nothing is + more + 形容词 + thanto + V.

  例句:没有比接受教育更重要的事了。

  Nothing is more important than to receive education.

  8. 。。。cannot emphasize the importance of 。。。 too much.

  (再怎么强调... ...的重要性也不为过。)

  例句:我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

  We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes toomuch.

英语语法精要讲解三十一:倒装句

 

  ◇ 全部倒装

  1.由here, there引起,谓语通常用 be, come, go

  Look ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell.

  2. 由介词短语引起,谓语通常用be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go,rise

  Along the wall stand four big chairs.

  At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers.

  3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起,谓语通常用come, go, run,rush, fly

  Out rushed the boy.

  Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

  4.以上情况主语如果是代词,主谓不倒装

  Here’s your watch. (Here it is.)

  Up it went.

  5.由个别副词引起,谓语通常是be, lie

  North of the city lies (is) a railway.

  6. 由such引起, 谓语通常用be

  Such is what he said. Such are his words.

  ◇部分倒装

  指谓语的一部分放在主语之前而引起的倒装,通常是助动词或情态动词提前或连系动词提前

  1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起

  Seldom did he make any mistakes.

  Not until yesterday did I receive his letter.

  2. not only…but also连接两个单句时,前面的倒装

  Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polite.

  3. neither…nor连接两个单句时,两个句子都倒装

  Neither is he studying, nor is he working.

  4. no sooner…than, hardly (scarcely)…when

  No sooner had we got into the room than the telephone rang.

  5. 由only + 状语, so + adj. (adv.) 引起

  Only then (Only at the age of 18) did he realize the importanceof the problem.

  6. 由as引起

  Child as he is, he can work out the problem.

  7. 虚拟语气的倒装

  Were I you, I would work harder.

  Had you come yesterday, you would have known that.

  Should it rain tomorrow, you wouldn’t leave.

  ◇ so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情态动词,助动词)+ 主语

  You should work harder and so should I.

  She hasn’t been to Berlin and nor have I.

  --I went to the zoo yesterday.

  --So you did.

  --She is a tailor.

  --So is she. / So she is.

英语语法精要讲解三十二:祈使句

 

  1. do强调祈使句

  Do have another cup of coffee.

  2. And可连接两个祈使句

  Wait and see.

  Come and see this goldfish.

  Try and (to) see his point of view.

  3. 祈使句 + and (or) + 简单句

  Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

  (If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.)

  Use your head, and you’ll find a good way.

  (If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.)

  4.对祈使句的回答

  -- Drive carefully!

  -- (Yes,) I will.

  -- Don’t take any risk.

  -- (No,) I won’t.

英语语法精要讲解三十三:叹句、省略与替代

  1. How

  adj. (Subj. + be ) How lovely !

  adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing !

  subj. +v. How you work !

  adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is!

  2.What

  a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man !

  (+ adj.) + n. (可数名词复数) What lovely flowers !

  ( + adj.) + n. (不可数名词) What fine weather !

   

    高考英语语法精要讲解三十五:省略与替代

  Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略

  1.在下列动词see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let, hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做宾补,要省略不定式符号。

  2.在...do nothing but / except do...的结构中,在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。

  3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。

  4.在几个不定式并列时,第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。

  5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used, ought , be able , be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中,不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。

  Ⅱ、从句中的省略

  1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what ,whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。

  Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are anymistakes)

  Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you tocome)

  Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they arenecessary)

  He won’t come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)

  He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were goingto say something)

  2. 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时,省略if。

  Were I you, I would not do it.

  Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you aphone call.

  3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they havefinished their homework , too)

  If you don’t go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall notgo to the concert either)

  4.宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which,whom等

  在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。

  Ⅲ、介词的省略

  prevent sb (from) doing sth.

  stop sb (from) doing sth.

  have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.

  spend time / money (in) doing sth.

  be busy (in) doing sth.

  Ⅳ、替代

  省略与代替的作用是什么?

  1.so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有:hope , believe,think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.

  2.用not代替so的情况.

  3.用不定式符号代替不定式.

  4.用do在句子中代替其它动词.





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篇一:2013高考英语语法_词汇_满分作文

2013高考英语单词联想记忆

adventure;n.&

vt.

:venture冒险;投机risk;

danger;

adventurousadj.喜欢冒险的;充满危险的

airplane;n.aircraft飞行器;飞机;

disappoint;v.指定;委派

argue;vi.

discuss;

brave

;adj.勇敢的;careabout担心;关心carefor喜欢;

castvt.&

vi.投掷;投射;抛(cast,cast)广播

compass;n.罗盘;指南针pass通过;经过

deserted

adj.荒芜的;荒废的;为人所弃的;desert沙漠;dessert甜点;dropsbaline给某人写信(通常指写短信)

e-pal;;n.pale苍白的;

e-friend;error;n.

错误;差错;falseadj.错误的;faultn.错误false;

incorrect不正确的

feeling;n.触觉;知觉;感觉;情绪;;touch;

Fond;adj.喜爱的;喜欢的;

(be)fondof喜欢;爱好Fry;

;vt.&

vi.油煎;油炸

frying-pan;

pot;

try

Gun;;n.炮;枪

Hammer;n.锤子;槌;火腿

;

Handsome;;adj.英俊的;美观的;

beautiful;

pretty;

smart

honest;adj.诚实的;正直的

huntvt.&

vi.&

n.打猎;猎取;搜寻

huntfor搜寻;追寻;寻找look/searchforinorderto为了;

lie;n./v.

;lied);

lay;lain躺;

loyal

;adj.忠诚的;忠心的;

;n.忠诚;loyalist;忠臣;

match;

;n.火柴;比赛;

前进mirror;

;n.

镜子;

:error错误;

terror;

恐怖

movie;

;n.电影;film;

move;

I在里边演动感move电影movie;

parachute;

n.

graph;

separate;

characterrope;

n.绳;索;望远镜;

saw;

;n.锯;

see

scared;;n.scar;

scarf围巾;share;;n./v.分享;共有;分配;共享;

份额;

野兔

smart;;adj.聪明的;漂亮的;敏捷的

;

市场solution;

;n.解答;解决办法;解决方案solve;

;v.resolutionn.决心;

sorrow;n.悲哀;悲痛;

row(划船)n.行;排sad;arrow箭

speech;vt.&

vi.演说;讲话;语音speak;pronunciation;lecturesuchas例如;like;

forexample;

survive;

;vi.&vt幸免于;幸存从……中生还;surprise;surface;vive-

万岁(法语)wise;

adj.英明的;明智的;聪明的;classical;class;formal;informal;

agreatmany许许多多;极多(修饰可数名词)anumberof;manya;pentyof;

bathroom;n./v.浴室;盥洗室;厕所bathe;洗澡;bringin;broad;

引进;引来;

bringtogether

带来;聚集;

;adj.―宽的路‖

closet;;n.壁橱;储藏室;

comeabout;发生;

commander;n.司令官;指挥官指挥;控制;

man

Communicate;

vi.交际;沟通;传达

n.交流;通讯;通信

communication;

comparevt.

比较contrast对比

削皮;剥去;prepare;

cookbook;n.notebook;

exercisebook;

guidebook;指南;

endupwith以……告终

begin/startwith以……开始equaladj.

相等的;胜任的;

vt.

等于;比得上equality平等;equation方程式;

等式unequal不等的;beequalto

;exceptfor;

除了……之外;

besides;加上;

inadditionto;

apartfrom;

exchange;vt.&

n.交换;交流;兑换;

变成communicate

communication;

expression;n.短语;表情;;

fall;

n秋天;瀑布;

rainfall;autumn;call;hall;tall

global;adj.全球的;球形的;

globe;n.球;

地球仪

government;n.政府;内阁govern统治;

管理;

rule;

howl;嚎叫;怒吼;嚎哭

independent;adj.独立自主的;

depend;

international;landlady;majority;

adj.

nation;

national

n.女房东;老板娘land+lady;

n.多数;大半;

major主要的

makeoneselfathome别客气

movement;n.运动;动作;运转;move;native;adj./npresident;

本国的;本地的civil国内的;local;当地的;本地人;本国人

organization;n.

organize;

opposite在……对面

n.总统;校长;行长;会长;

居民;居住者;reside居住

residence住宅

pronounce

;;vt.发音;宣告;断言;名词;

pronunciation;

pronoun;

publish;v.

发表;出版;公布pub酒吧(店)

print;comeout;

repeat;

n.vi重做;重复;复述重复;反复replace;vt.取代;替换;代替;

change

;

taketheplaceof;

service;

n.服务;服务性工作

serve;

conservation保护;维护signal;

;n.信号;design;assign;

appoint;sign标志;迹象;签名

situation;

n.情形;境遇;situatev.位于;处于;坐落southern;

n.南方的;南部的northern;

south;Spanish;

;adj.nstand;

西班牙语;西班牙人;

西班牙(人、语)的

;n.台;看台;摊,摊位;站;容忍;standard;

understand;stage

n.陈述;声明;综述state

statement;

tidy;

stayup;不睡;熬夜;situp;stayawayfrom

;vt.整理;收拾tide潮汐cleantongue;n.舌头;语言;口语;language

mothertongue;n.母语tonguetwister

total;;adj../v.

总数;合计;

总共;altogetheradv.总计;总数intotal;;

altogether;

adduptototally;adv.完全地;整个地tourism;

;n.旅游;观光

tour;towel;;n.毛巾;

scarf围巾;纸巾

hankerchief;手帕typhoon;

;inall;

allinall;onthewhole;

trade;

adj.

贸易;商业;

businessWTO.merchant;

;n.台风;

谐音:type类型;种类;打字

adventurous;;adj.喜欢冒险的;充满危险的;

adventure;

aswellasbasic;

board;

也;还;而且;以及

backpack;;n.

adj./n

背包;

pack包

落后的;向后forward向前;

基本的;基本;要素base基础的basis基础basin

vt.

上(船、飞机等)onbroad;

;n.手机

broad宽的;

aboard在船/飞机上cellophane

mobilephone;

automobile汽车

combine;vt.&

vi.(使)联合;(使)结合connect联合;unit;

join;

consider;vt.考虑;照顾;认为;

side;

contain;vt.包容;容纳;

include;tain锡铂;

tin锡罐

;

destinationeco-travel;

equipment;

;n.刺激;兴奋;激动;

excitement

;n.目的地purpose目标;aim;

goal

;n.生态旅游;

ecology生态学

;

ecologist生态学家

;n.装备;设备;

equipv.

quip双关语;

decorate装潢;装饰

;

excite使激动;thrill;刺激;

experience;vt.&

n.体验;经历;经验

;experiment;试验;experiencedadj.getawayfrom逃离;(fled;fled)

handlemeansnature

;vt./n

;n.手段;方法way;

;n.自然;自然界;

natural;

自然的;strait;

feature特征;characteristic

操作;处理;柄;把手control;

operate;conduct

hand;

method;

approach;

normaladj.

正常的;正规的;标准的formalabnormal

非正式的;正式的;informal非正式的;

normal;n.正规;常态;

regular;

irregular;

abnormalontheotherhand另一方面

unit;单元;

unity统一;团结;

particular;

unite

paddle;

vi.n.vt.划桨;涉水;

padrow划船

;adj特别的;特殊的;special;especial;common;

general;

poison;n.毒药;毒害;

poisonous有毒的;有害的;恶毒的

protectsb/sthfrom保护、保卫某人(某事物;

defend;

keep;

prevent;

stop...from阻止;

adv.responsible;

adj.respond回答;反应

.

(到火车站、飞机场等处)为某人送行

bringsb.back;

responsiblyseesboffsimilarity;

separate;

adj.单独的;分开的;

比率;分开;隔离;

Sep.九月(缩写)

.n类似;类似处

similar;相似的;difference

simplesimplyspiderstreamtask;

;adj.简单的;

difficult;

complex

;adv.仅仅;只不过;简单地;完全;简直;

;n.蜘蛛

;

;vt.&

vi.

;n.任务;作业;

duty值日;职责;

;n.运输;运送transport;

;v

乳酪scream尖叫;

tip;

n.小费;

dip;

transportation;

unpack;;vt.&

vi打开(包裹、行李等);卸货;

pack包裹;load装载;unload卸载

vacation;n.假日

watchout

注意;当心;

lookoutadvance;;vt.&

vi./n.

前进;提前distance;

距离;前进;提升;前进;进步;progress;

注意:指―进步‖时advance是可数名词;progress是不可数名词。

agent;n.代理(商)年纪;manager;travelagent

旅行社代理人;

article

boom

;n./v.

n.文章;论文;冠词;作文

隆隆声;bloom开花;room房间;

broom扫把;拖把;

Buddha;n.佛;佛像;佛陀;;谐音―布带

‖佛;couch;n.(坐卧两用的)长沙发;

ouch哎哟;sofa;

沙发

踪迹;痕迹deadline

crack;vi.发破裂声;劈啪地响;谐音boom;crash;坠毁;碰撞;track

轨迹;

n.headline头版头条

destroy;vt.摧毁;毁坏;

damage;hurt;harm;

wound;ruin;

disaster;drag;

n.tragedy悲剧;misfortune不幸;

vt.拖;拖曳rag破布;烂衣服;

pull拉;

fearless;fight

fear;

vt.&

vi./.害怕;畏惧;恐惧tobeafraidof;

terror;

fright;

horror;

shock;

vi.搏斗;斗争;争吵;

(fought,fought);

fright恐惧

finally;

adv.最后;终于;

atlast;

intheend;

eventuallyflow;

fright

vi.&

n.流动wolf狼

;

n.惊骇;吃惊;

frighten;

fight;

fear;

shock;

getonone'sfeet;站立起来;

struggletoone'sfeet;

下页

篇二:高考英语语法精讲精练精析-主谓一致

专题十二主谓一致

谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这被称为主谓一致。但是如果主语不是单一的,或主语名词的数比较特殊时,其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则

一般来说,语法形式是单数的主语,谓语动词用单数形式;语法形式是复数的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。

Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.错误之多是惊人的。

Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。

二、意义一致原则

主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定,而是

取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数,但在意义上却为复数,谓语动词应采用复数形式;主语形式虽为复数,但在意义上视为单数,谓语动词应采用单数形式。

Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives.这些人正为生存而战斗。

Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.在异乡生活的三年,仿佛是很长的时间。

(一)谓语动词为单数的情况

1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。

TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。

比较:TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家来自北京。

BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。

2.every...and(every)...,each...and(each)...,no...and(no)...,manya...and(manya)...连接两个单数名词作主语。

Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.桌子和椅子都是木头做的。

ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。

3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语。

Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。

4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。

Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.洪水灾区急需衣物。

5.以“s”结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。

6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。

Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.他离开家乡已经二十年了。

7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。

8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。

Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.他很喜欢集邮。

9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。

(二)谓语动词为复数的情况

1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.面包和黄油都已卖完了。

2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。

Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。

3.goods,stairs,arms等名词作主语。

4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语。

TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.奥运会每四年举办一次。

5.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。

(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

1.class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数,指各个成员用复数。

Hisfamilyisagreatone./Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他有个大家庭。/他的家人都喜欢音乐。

2.means(方法),works(工厂),pains(辛苦),series(系列),species(物种)等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。

Noteverymeansisuseful./Notallmeansareuseful.并非每种方法都有效。/并非所有的方法都有效。

3.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。

Allarepresent./Allthefoodtastesgood.所有人都在场。/这些东西尝起来都很好。

4.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。

Halfofthestudentshavefinishedtheircomposition./Halfoftheappleisbad.一半学生完成了

作文。/这苹果一半都坏了。

三、就近原则

谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。

1.由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。

NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.我和他都受邀请了。

Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.学生和老师都对此一无所知。

但注意“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词”置于主语后,谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.学生们和一位老师在教室呢。

2.在由there或here引起的句子及倒装句中。

Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支笔和两本书。

Therearetwobooks,somepaperandapenonthedesk.桌子上有两本书,一些纸和一支钢笔。

四、其他注意事项

肯定与否定一致:下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。

We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).

Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.

Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.

Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.

Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.

Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.

Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.

so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。

MywifelikesclassicalmusicverymuchandsodoI.

Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.

分析近五年来的高考题可以发现,高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及,但题量不大,其因为是这项语法用法比较固定、单纯,要理清主谓一致的“三大原则”,记住这些用法就能很好地把这项语法学会;当然高考命题多以特殊点为切入点,要注意三大原则里边的一些变化。尤其注意:主语从句作主语时谓语的确定;主语+aswellas,with,togetherwith,alongwith,

ratherthan,but,except,besides等词时的主谓一致;定语从句中谓语动词的数与定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。

高考真题探究(2006—2011年)

【2011安徽卷)27】Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_____savedforotherpurposes.

A.isB.are

【答案】D

【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。

【解析】定语从句中先行词是therawmaterials,故定语从句应与先行词数的一致,用复数,上文时态为过去式,故选D。句意为:工厂用了这种原材料的65%,剩余部分节省出来作他用。

【2011湖南卷)26】Onethirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______blackpeople.

A.is;

areB.is;

isC.are;

areD.are;

is

【答案】A

【考点】考查主谓一致。

【解析】整个国家为整体,三分之一的部分当然也应用单数;而themajorityofcitizens主要指人,是可数名词,此时的谓语动词用复数,表示“大多数,大部分”。

〖10全国Ⅱ〗Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho_______eveningdress.

A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗考查主谓一致和时态。

〖解析〗首先theonlyoneof….为先行词时,定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语,而非后面的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则,谓语动词应该用复数,排除A,D。另外,从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯,因此要用一般现在时,排除C,故选A

〖10湖南〗Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertscausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.

A.isB.areC.hasD.haveC.wasD.were

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗主谓一致

〖解析〗根据动名词短语作主语,句子的谓语动词用单数形式,由此排除B、D两项,根据主语与caused的主动关系,排除A项

〖10四川〗SuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficulttounderstand.

A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is:are

〖答案〗A

〖考点〗考查主谓一致。

〖解析〗主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数,其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks,谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。

〖09山东〗ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities_______risingsteadilysince1990.

A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen〖答案〗C

〖考点〗本题考查主谓一致和时态。

〖解析〗主语是thenumber故谓语动词用单数,又因时间状语是since1997所以用完成时态。

〖09四川〗Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica.

A.are;

wereB.is;

wereC.are;

wasD.is;

was〖答案〗B

〖考点〗考查主谓一致。

〖解析〗AtogetherwithB作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致;

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篇三:2013高考必备高中英语语法精品资料句子结构和成分

高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习

高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习

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篇四:2013高考必备高中英语语法精品资料非谓语

高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习

高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习

下页高中作文