by the end是什么时态的标志

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by the end是什么时态的标志
by the end是什么时态的标志

by the end是什么时态的标志
看后面的时间而定.
如后面为过去时间,用过去完成时.如:
I had read ten English novels in origin by the end of last year.
如后面为将来时间,用将来完成时.如:
I wll have read ten English novels in origin by the end of next month.

过去完成时,比如By the end of last year,I had learnt 20000 words.
也可用于将来时,比如I will learn 20000 words by the end of this year.