kind little bit few及相关短语的用法

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kind little bit few及相关短语的用法
kind little bit few及相关短语的用法

kind little bit few及相关短语的用法
kind的用法 Of a friendly, generous, or warm-hearted nature. 友善的,好心的:友好的、宽宏大量的或热情的天性 Showing sympathy or understanding; charitable: 宽厚的,温和:表示同情或理解的;温和的: a kind word. 宽厚的话语 Humane; considerate: 仁慈的;体贴的: kind to animals. 对动物很仁慈 Forbearing; tolerant: 宽容的;容忍的: Our neighbor was very kind about the window we broke. 我们的邻居对我们打破玻璃表现得很宽容 Generous; liberal: 宽宏大量的;慷慨的: kind words of praise. 毫不吝啬的赞美 Agreeable; beneficial: 令人愉悦的;有益的: a dry climate kind to asthmatics. 干燥的天气有益于气喘病患者 A group of individuals linked by traits held in common. 同种,同类:因具有共同的特性而联系在一起的个体的集合 A particular variety; a sort: 特定的种类;类别: What kind of soap do you like best?See Synonyms at type 你最喜欢哪一种肥皂?参见 type Fundamental, underlying character as a determinant of the class to which a thing belongs; nature or essence. 本质,天性:基础的和根本的特性,如一种事物归属种类的决定因素;天性或本质 A doubtful or borderline member of a given category: 类似,某类:指定种类的不确定的或难以抉择的成员: fashioned a kind of shelter; a kind of bluish color. 形成了一点掩蔽;类似蓝色的颜色 all kinds of【非正式用语】 Plenty of; ample: 大量的;足够的: We have all kinds of time to finish the job. 我们有充足的时间完成这项工作 in kind With produce or commodities rather than with money: 以实物、货物贷款:用产品或商品而不是用钱: pay in kind. 用实物支付 In the same manner or with an equivalent: 以同样方法:用同样的方法或用等价物: returned the slight in kind. 用同样方式还以蔑视 kind of【非正式用语】 Rather; somewhat: 相当;有一些: I'm kind of hungry. 我有些饿了.
a little/a few和 little/few

A a little/little(形容词)用在不可数名词之前:
a little salt/little salt一点盐/没有多少盐
a few/few(形容词)用在复数名词之前:
a few people/few people有几个人/没有几个人
这四种形式也都能用做代词使用,或单独使用或与of连用:
-Sugar?
-A little,please.
-要糖吗?
-请给一点儿.
Only a few of these are any good.
这其中只有几个用得着.
B a litile,a few(形容词和代词)
a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目.
把only放在a little/a few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小.
Only a few of our customers have accounts.
我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的.
但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了这个数量:
I have quite a few books on art.
我有不少关于艺术的书.(许多书)
C little和few(形容词和代词):
little和few意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义:
There was little time for consultation.
几乎没有时间商量.
Little is known about the side-effects of this drug.
这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚.
Few towns have such splendid trees.
有这么好看的树木的城市不多.
little和few的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中little和few容易被误认为是 a little/a few).因此,在日常会话中little和few通常由hardly any替代,也可以由动词否定式+much/many替代:
We saw little.
我们没有看到什么.相当于:
We saw hadly anything./We didn’t see much.
我们几乎什么都没有看到.
Tourists come here but few stay overnight.
有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜.相当于:
Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight.
有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜.
但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely,comparatively,relatively等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用.
fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用.
I’m unwilling to try a drug I know so little about.
我不乐意服我知之甚少的药.
They have too many technicians,we have too few.
他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少.
There are fewer butterflies every year.
蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少.
D a little/little(副词)
1 a little可以:
(a)与动词连用:
It rained a little during the night.
夜里下了一点儿雨.
They grumbled a little about having to wait.
他们为要等候抱怨了几句.
(b)与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用:
a little anxious有点儿着急
a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦
a little unwillingly有点儿不情愿地
a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地
(c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用:
The paper should be a little thicker.
这纸应该再厚一点儿.
Can’t you walk a little faster?
你不能走得快一点儿吗?
在(b)中可以用 rather来代替a little. rather也可以用于比较级之前(参见第42节),但a little更常用一些.
在英语口语中a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little.
2 在比较正式的文体中,little主要同better或more连用:
His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first.
他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少.
He was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died.
他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子.
在正式的英语中,little可用在某些动词如 expect,know,sus-pect,think等之前:
He little expected to find himself in prison.
他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱.
He little thought that one day…
他几乎从不曾想过有一天……
注意像little-known和little-used这样的形容词的用法:
a little-known painter一个藉藉无名画家
a little-used footpath一条几乎没有人走的小道