英语翻译By the late Middle Ages,especially in Italythere was an influx of Greek texts and scholars from the collapsing Byzantine empire.Copernicus formulated a heliocentric model of the solar system unlike the geocentric model of Ptolemy's Almage

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英语翻译By the late Middle Ages,especially in Italythere was an influx of Greek texts and scholars from the collapsing Byzantine empire.Copernicus formulated a heliocentric model of the solar system unlike the geocentric model of Ptolemy's Almage
英语翻译
By the late Middle Ages,especially in Italythere was an influx of Greek texts and scholars from the collapsing Byzantine empire.Copernicus formulated a heliocentric model of the solar system unlike the geocentric model of Ptolemy's Almagest.All aspects of scholasticism were criticized in the 15th and 16th centuries; one author who was notoriously persecuted was Galileo,who made innovative use of experiment and mathematics.However the persecution began after Pope Urban VIII blessed Galileo to write about the Copernican system.Galileo had used arguments from the Pope and put them in the voice of the simpleton in the work "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" which caused great offense to him.
InNorthern Europe,the new technology of the printing press was widely used to publish many arguments including some that disagreed with church dogma.René Descartes and Francis Bacon published philosophical arguments in favor of a new type of non-Aristotelian science.Descartes argued that mathematics could be used in order to study nature,as Galileo had done,and Bacon emphasized the importance of experiment over contemplation.Bacon questioned the Aristotelian concepts of formal cause and final cause,and promoted the idea that science should study the laws of "simple" natures,such as heat,rather than assuming that there is any specific nature,or "formal cause",of each complex type of thing.This new modern science began to see itself as describing "laws of nature".This updated approach to studies in nature was seen as mechanistic.Bacon also argued that science should aim for the first time at practical inventions for the improvement of all human life.

英语翻译By the late Middle Ages,especially in Italythere was an influx of Greek texts and scholars from the collapsing Byzantine empire.Copernicus formulated a heliocentric model of the solar system unlike the geocentric model of Ptolemy's Almage
在中世纪后期,尤其是在意大利,那里是从倒塌的拜占庭的希腊文本和学者的涌入.哥白尼提出了日心说的太阳能系统不同于托勒密天文学的地心模型.经院哲学的所有方面都在第十五和第十六世纪的批评；一个作者谁是出了名的迫害伽利略,谁做的实验和数学创新使用.然而,迫害开始后,教皇乌尔班八世祝福伽利略写关于哥白尼体系.伽利略曾经使用的参数从教皇和把他们的声音,却在“关于两种世界体系”造成了很大的冒犯他对话.北欧,印刷机的新技术被广泛用于出版许多参数包括一些反对教会的教条.任笛卡尔和弗兰西斯培根发表在一个新的非亚里士多德科学型的青睐的哲学争论.笛卡尔认为数学可以用来研究自然,像伽利略所做的,和培根强调实验在沉思的重要性.培根质疑形式因亚里士多德的概念和最终的原因,并提出科学研究的“简单”性质的法律,如热,而不是假设
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文艺复兴时期,早期的现代科学
在中世纪晚期,尤其是在意大利,涌入的希腊文本和学者从倒塌的拜占庭帝国.哥白尼日心模型制定一个太阳系的模型与地心的托勒密的天文学大成.经院哲学的各个方面被批评在15和16世纪,一个作家是臭名昭著的迫害,是伽利略的实验和数学创新使用.然而在教皇的迫害开始城市八世福伽利略,写出了哥白尼学说.伽利略曾使用参数从教皇并把他们的声音的傻子在工作“对话关于两大世界体系”,这对他造成了很大的进攻.
　　欧洲外,新技术被广泛应用于印刷出版许多参数包括一些不同意教会教条.勒奈·笛卡尔和弗朗西斯·培根发表哲学论点支持一个新类型的非亚里士多德的科学.笛卡尔认为,数学可以用来为研究自然,伽利略所行的,和培根强调实验的重要性在沉思.培根质疑亚里士多德概念正式的原因和目的论,并促进了思想,科学应研究“简单”的法律性质,如热,而不是假设有任何特定的性质,或“正式的原因”,每个复杂类型的东西.这个新的现代科学开始将自己视为描述“自然法则”.这个更新的方法来研究在自然被视为机械.培根也认为科学应该瞄准首次实用发明用于改善人类生活的所有

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　　文艺复兴时期,早期的现代科学
在中世纪晚期,尤其是在意大利,涌入的希腊文本和学者从倒塌的拜占庭帝国。哥白尼日心模型制定一个太阳系的模型与地心的托勒密的天文学大成。经院哲学的各个方面被批评在15和16世纪,一个作家是臭名昭著的迫害,是伽利略的实验和数学创新使用。然而在教皇的迫害开始城市八世福伽利略,写出了哥白尼学说。伽利略曾使用参数从教皇并把他们的声音的傻子在工作“对话关于两大世界体系”,这对他造成了很大的进攻。
　　欧洲外,新技术被广泛应用于印刷出版许多参数包括一些不同意教会教条。勒奈·笛卡尔和弗朗西斯·培根发表哲学论点支持一个新类型的非亚里士多德的科学。笛卡尔认为,数学可以用来为研究自然,伽利略所行的,和培根强调实验的重要性在沉思。培根质疑亚里士多德概念正式的原因和目的论,并促进了思想,科学应研究“简单”的法律性质,如热,而不是假设有任何特定的性质,或“正式的原因”,每个复杂类型的东西。这个新的现代科学开始将自己视为描述“自然法则”。这个更新的方法来研究在自然被视为机械。培根也认为科学应该瞄准首次实用发明用于改善人类生活的所有。（有道翻译翻的）

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