有谁知道英语中直接引语变化到间接引语的三种情况,并举例

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/04/26 11:09:59

有谁知道英语中直接引语变化到间接引语的三种情况,并举例
有谁知道英语中直接引语变化到间接引语的三种情况,并举例

有谁知道英语中直接引语变化到间接引语的三种情况,并举例
(1)当我们引用别人的话时,我们可以用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,如果是引用原话,被引用的部分就称为直接引语(Direct Speech),否则称为间接引语(Indirect Speech)
直接引语通常都用引号(“”)括起来,间接引语多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句.
(2)如果引用的句子原来是个陈述句,在间接引语中我们就要注意下面几点:
1)根据意思改变人称:
如:He said,“I go to the beach every Saturday.”
变成He said he went to the beach every Saturday.
2)如果主句的谓语动词said或told为过去时,由直接变为间接引语时,从句的时态要有变化.
eg:She said,“I am mad at Marcia.”
变为→She said she was mad at Marcia.
eg:He said,“I am doing my homework.”
变为→He said he was doing his homework.
He told me,“I will call you tomorrow.”
变为→He told me he would call me tomorrow
(3)时态要降级
在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中,不仅要进行句式上的转换,而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面作相应的转换.本文就高一所学直接引语转换间接引语用法归纳如下:
1.若直接引语为陈述句,则间接引语需改为以that所引导的宾语从句.如:
The man said,“I often come t owork very early”.→The man said that he often came to work very early.
2.若直接引语为祈使句,则间接引语需改为动词不定式形式,原动词say也要改为可以带动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词如tell,ask,order,advise等.如:
1)Father said to me,“look after your sister.”→Father told me to look
after my sister.
2)Mrs Black said to the students angrily,“Don’t make any noise again.”
→Mrs Black ordered the students not to make any noise again.
3.若直接引语为一般疑问句,则间接引语改为以if,whether引导的宾语从句,原动词say也要改为ask.如:
1)“Do you usually do some washing on Sundays?”Joan said to me.→Joan asked me if/whether I usually did some washing on Sundays.
2)The driver said to the woman,“Could you tell me the way to the bus station?”→The driver asked the woman whether/if she could tell him the way to the bus station.
4.如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,则间接引语要改为以这个特殊疑问词为连接代词或连接副词所引导的宾语从句.
1)“What are you going to do next Friday afternoon?”Han Mei asked me.
→Han Mei asked me what I was going to do the next Friday afternoon.
2)The boy asked,“How do you know the rule of that game?”→The boy asked
how I knew the rule of that game.
5.如果直接引语是选择疑问句,则间接引语要根据选择疑问句的类型来确定:属于一般疑问句开头的选择疑问句,间接引语改为以if或whether引导的宾语从句;属于特殊疑问句开头的选择疑问句,间接引语则要改为以该疑问词引导的宾语从句.如:
1)“Will you go to the museum this weekend or next weekend?”Zhang Yin asked me.→Zhang Yin asked me whether/if I would go to the museum this weekend.
2)“Which bus shall I take to the Xinlong Department Store,No.2 bus or No.3 bus?”The villager asked the policeman.→The villager asked the policeman which bus she should take to the Xinlong Department Store.

直接引语与间接引语:
直接引语和间接引语在句中都作宾语。一字不漏地引述别人的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语应注意以下问题:
(1)间接引语的引述动词,除了常见的say,tell外,还有ask,add,admit,announce,argue,explain,insist,promise,repeat,reply,suggest,warn等表...

全部展开

直接引语与间接引语:
直接引语和间接引语在句中都作宾语。一字不漏地引述别人的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语应注意以下问题:
(1)间接引语的引述动词,除了常见的say,tell外,还有ask,add,admit,announce,argue,explain,insist,promise,repeat,reply,suggest,warn等表示说话的动词。这些动词后的宾语从句常用从属连词that引导,这种连词有时可以省略。但当引导词为who,what,which,when,where,how,why等词时,这些疑问代词和疑问副词便不能省略。引述动词大多数可以不变,但有的必须变化,如:“What’s this? ”cried Dr. Sun.→Dr.Sun asked in surprise what that was.
(2)时态的转换:①一般来讲,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态要有所变化,使从句时态与主句时态一致。主句为过去式时,一般现在时变成一般过去时,一般过去时变成过去完成时,现在进行时变成过去进行时、一般将来时变成过去将来时等。②有些情态动词没有过去时形式,变为间接引语时,可用原来形式,或用其它方式表示(如E)部分第13题)。③但当主句的谓语是一般现在时,现在完成时和一般将来时态时,或是当直接引语是客观真理(如E)部分第2题),直接引语的谓语是过去进行时,过去完成时和过去将来时,以及有特定的准确时间和地点状语时,只需调整一下人称和数,去掉引号即可,谓语动词不用变化。
(3)句型的变化:①陈述句的直接引语变成间接引语时,将直接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。②一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的直接引语变成间接引语时,要由if或whether引导一个陈述性的宾语从句,省略原有的助动词do,does,did,将动词还原,注意词序不能倒装。如果直接引语是选择疑问句,变成间接引语时用or连接选择部分。反意疑问句应用whether(if)...or not结构(如E)部分第11题)。
③直接引语是祈使句时,变成间接引语时要把直接引语变成一个不定式短语(作宾语补足语),还要加上适当的宾语(如E)部分第4题)。如果是否定的祈使句应在不定式前加上not或never(如E部分第10题)。
④特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,一般以原来的wh-词为引导词,用陈述语序。
(4)其它变化:
①时间状语变化:now→then,today→that day,this evening→that evening,yesterday→the day before,yesterday morning→the morning before,last week→the week before,ago→before,to-morrow→the next day,next week(month/year)→the next week (month/year),the day before yesterday→two days before等。
②地点状语变化:here→there。
③动词变化:bring→take,come→go。
④指示代词变化:this→that,these→those,有时需把this变为it(如E)部分第17题),these 变为they(如E)部分第18题)。
⑤人称的变化:在直接引语中的代词,应根据语境与引述动词的主语或宾语保持一致。
当把间接引语变为直接引语时,其时间、地点、人称、句型的变化与直接引语变间接引语相反。

收起