现在完成时的用法..现在完成时用法 要具体些..

现在完成时的用法..现在完成时用法 要具体些..
现在完成时的用法..
现在完成时用法 要具体些..

现在完成时的用法..现在完成时用法 要具体些..
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
open-be open
die-be dead
………………
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
11. havemarried → have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语）
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already（肯定）, yet（否定,疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系.
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...,today等)连用.
例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去.
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now,so far)等.
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息.
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等.
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书.
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次.
10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
gone:去了没回
been to :去过
been in：呆了很久
11.不能与when连用

现在完成时用法小结
I have read that story.

I have lived there since 2000.

构成：have (has) + 过去分词

常与那些单词一起出现？
答：经常与“现完哥”一起出现的小弟们有三类：
① 表示不确定的过去时间状语：just, yet, before...

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现在完成时用法小结
I have read that story.

I have lived there since 2000.

构成：have (has) + 过去分词

常与那些单词一起出现？
答：经常与“现完哥”一起出现的小弟们有三类：
① 表示不确定的过去时间状语：just, yet, before, recently, once, lately
② 表示频度的时间状语：often, ever, never, sometimes, twice
③ 包括现在时间在内的时间状语：now, today, this morning, this year, this month.
注意：不能和具体的过去时间状语出现（in 1993, last year, last Saturday）

“现完哥”的主要技能
一． 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响
例1. I have bought two apples. (已经拥有两个苹果)
I have seen the films. （已经知道电影内容）
I have learned how to cook. （已经会了）

注意：现完哥在施放第一个技能的时候常常需要already, just, ever, yet, never等这些小弟来增加表现力。其中already, just 在肯定句里用，ever, yet, never常在疑问句和否定句中。

例1. I have just bought two apples. (就在刚刚)
例2. I have already bought two apples. (已经买过了)
例3. I haven’t seen the film yet. （还没有）
例4. I have never seen the film. （从来没有）
例5. Have you ever seen the film?

二． 表示在过去就已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常和for与since一起。
易错点：
① 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；表示瞬间的动词，

例1. He has borrowed the book for two months.(X)
>> He has had/kept the book for two months.
例2. They have married for 1 year. (X)
>> They have been married for 1 year.
例3. He has come here for 2 years. (X)
>> He has been here for 2 years.

② 那用非延续性动词想要表达延续的意义时该咋办呢？？
答：我们可以用相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换他们（瞬间动词）


最常见的有: come→be, come to→be in / at,
go out→ be out, leave→be away,
begin→be on, stop→ be over，
buy→ have, borrow→ keep,
open→be open, close→be closed,
join→be a member of, die→be dead,
catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know,
become a teacher →be a teacher,
fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill, fall in love→be in love
begin to teach -- teach

③ for 与 since 二者后接的词有所不同:
─ for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作或状态持续了多久，见上。
─ since后跟一个时间点，如since 1980；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，如since three years ago, since two months ago。
例：She has been heartbroken since her boyfriend left her. （时间点）
She has been heartbroken since half a year ago. (一段时间)

─ It is + 一段时间 + since 从句
例：It is one year since her boyfriend left her.

④ 需要记忆的特殊句型：It/That/This is the first (second, third…) time that…。 从句里的时态用完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。It/That/This is the + 形容词最高级+名词+ that… 这是某某经历的最怎么怎么样的一件事。
例1. It is the third time that I have visited this city.
例2. This is the second time that I have seen the film.
例3. It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.

注意总结含有 it 的用法。三种，次数，最高级，和
三． 其他注意事项
1. just now 和 just 的区别
例1. We passed a beautiful lake just now.
We have just passed a beautiful lake.
2. today, this morning, this afternoon,等时间状语所搭配的时态要根据说话时的情况而定。
例1. He didn’t do his homework this afternoon. (用了过去时，说明说话时已经过了下午)
He hasn’t done his homework this afternoon. （用了现完，说明说话时还是下午）
3. 不同时态表示同一意思
例： 他离开中国已经两年了。
现完：He has been away from China for two years.
一般现在： It is two years since he left China。
一般过去： He left China two years ago.
4. 课本里出现了现在完成进行时：其表示反复的东西，强调与动作的为结束和继续进行。
例子：He has been learning English for six years and really loves it. 强调一直在进行学英语，且为了很可能继续下去。
He has learned English for six years.（ 仅强调学过并掌握了一定的英语，未来会不会持续下去则没有暗示。）

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用法
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has bee...

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用法
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
open-be open
die-be dead
………………
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
11. havemarried → have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
gone:去了没回
been to :去过
been in：呆了很久
11.不能与when连用

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基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完...

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基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
open-be open
die-be dead
………………
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
11. havemarried → have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
7.现在完成时的