宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别啊?

宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别啊?
宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别啊?

宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别啊?
宾语从句（一） 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略.当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响,按需要可以使用任何时态.如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班.（从句是一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条.（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山.（从句是现在完成时） 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态.如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课.（从句是一般过去时） He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿.（从句是过去将来时） He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会.（从句是过去进行时） *当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时.如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多.宾语从句（二） 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同.但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.例如：We don't know whether (if) it is right.我们不知道它是否正确.The question is whether she should do that.问题在于她是否应该做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假还是个问题.试比较：当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句.例如：I don't know if it is true.我不知道这事是否真实.当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句.例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.
关系副词有：when,where,why等.
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换）,例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3）which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1）when,where,why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.

定语从句是形容词性从句，也就是说从句是起到修饰名词先行词的作用。
宾语从句是名词性从句，从句起到的是宾语的作用，在整个句子中是宾语的成分。

宾语从句：
是做动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。 一、做动词的宾语： I think (that) you will like the pictures. 我想你会喜欢这些画的。（连接词that无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，可以省略）当宾语从句（通常是由that引导的宾语从句）有一宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于句末。例如： I feel it important th...

全部展开

宾语从句：
是做动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。 一、做动词的宾语： I think (that) you will like the pictures. 我想你会喜欢这些画的。（连接词that无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，可以省略）当宾语从句（通常是由that引导的宾语从句）有一宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于句末。例如： I feel it important that they finish their own task in time. （我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。） 二、做介词宾语： They are worrying about whether they can get there in time. You can write about whatever topic you can think of. 三、做形容词宾语： Are you sure what you will do next? I'm afraid that he will fail in the exam. 表语从句 表语从句：表语从句置于连系动词后面做表语。例如： The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.（问题是这本书是否有点读的价值。） That is why we don't like it. It seems that all of the students have done their homework. My idea is that we should all do our best. This is where we found the strange trees. It seems that everybody agrees to the decision. 同位从句 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意： that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略，由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代作用； 定语从句由关系副词引导，关系副词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代词替换。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. （同位语从句, when为连接词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句，which/that为关系副词） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （同位语从句, where为连接词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句，where为关系副词）
定语从句
内容提要
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
三、定语从句结构错误
1. 缺关系词
2. 从句中缺成分

收起