动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别.

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别.
动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别.

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别.
动词不定式
一、 基本形式
a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v.；但有时也可省去to,即：(to) ﹢v..
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle).
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式,如,writing,doing ,working ,going,etc.
②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed,即v.-ed,如,visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词,学生需要用心熟记,方能正确使用.如,go→went→gone; do→did→done,etc .
c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同,都是动词的—ing 形式,如,doing ,writing ,doing ,etc .
二、 时态、语态及其基本用法
A.不定式
1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式,如,to write / to be written ;②进行式,如,to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written .
2．基本用法
①不定式的一般式,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后.如：
He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)
I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)
He doesn’t like to be laughed at.(=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.)
②不定式的进行式,表示不定式的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.如：
When the mother went into the room,the boy pretended to be sleeping.(=… ,the boy pretended that he was sleeping .)
I heard the English song being sung by him.(=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.)
③．不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前.如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.(= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long.)
Having been well written,the book was translated into many languages.(=Because it had been well written,…)
B． 动名词
1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式,如,writing / being written ; ②完成式,如,having written / having been written .
2.基本用法
①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行,但作具有状语性质的宾语时,动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生.如：
The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers.
②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时,表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生.如：
He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully.
He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the company.