英语语法 虚拟语气高级点的.

英语语法 虚拟语气高级点的.
英语语法 虚拟语气
高级点的.

英语语法 虚拟语气高级点的.
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生.各种结构参见下表：
句型 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B.真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时.
注意：
1）在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式.
非真实条件句
1）虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移.
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句

一般过去时（be用were） should（would）等 +动词原形
例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的.
含义：They are not here, they can‘t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词
例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句 主句

一般过去时
were+ 不定式 should/would等 + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
混合条件句
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句.例如：
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了.
（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反.）
If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了.
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装.例如：
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了.
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替.例如：
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他.
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的.
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式.但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
特殊的虚拟语气词should
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略.

可用的词有三类
suggested, ordered, required, proposed,
demanded, requested, insisted等
It is important, necessary, natural, that （should）do
imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等.例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议.
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气.
判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.
（对） I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即（should）+动词原形.例如：
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议.
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会.
wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望.其宾语从句的动词形式为：
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在是 过去时
（be的过去式为 were）

从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时
（had + 过去分词）

将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
例如：I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高.
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话.
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了.
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do.例如：
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息.
比较if only和only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了".If only也可用于陈述语气.例如：
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒.
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了.
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来.
It is （high） time that
It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略.例如：
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做.
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了.例如：
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了. （Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车.）
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D.needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要.
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经". must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）.

If he had listened to his mother, he would have good to collage. If I were him, I would do that. He suggested I work hard.

you should have do sth

虚拟语气
表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际。
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：主语+过去时
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg： 1.If ...

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虚拟语气
表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际。
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：主语+过去时
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：主语+had done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）
4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 eg： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 eg： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…, but for…等 eg： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）
用在目的状语从句中
1、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略
2.insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点”则不用虚拟语气。
3.suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
学习虚拟语气时，重要的还是多记多背，多练习！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

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