表语和定语的区别 形容词与副词分别在什么情况作什么句子结构；顺便举个例句

表语和定语的区别 形容词与副词分别在什么情况作什么句子结构；顺便举个例句
表语和定语的区别 形容词与副词分别在什么情况作什么句子结构；顺便举个例句

表语和定语的区别 形容词与副词分别在什么情况作什么句子结构；顺便举个例句
形容词（包括副词）
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征.
形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er.
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征.通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面.
1)　直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语.例如：hot 热的.
2)　叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词.这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰.大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类.例如：afraid 害怕的.
　　　（错）　He is an ill man.
　　　（对）　The man is ill.
　　　（错）　She is an afraid girl.
　　　（对）　The girl is afraid.
　　 这类词还有： well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等.
形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边.但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后
大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词.但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,　　ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词.
　 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构.
一、副词的位置：
1） 在动词之前.
2） 在be动词、助动词之后.　
3） 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后.
注意：
　 a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡.
　　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
　 b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾.
　　　He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1） 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后.
2） 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接.
　　　 Please write slowly and carefully.
3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词.
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词.
形容词、副词及其比较级
1.形容词的句法功能
形容词在句中做定语、表语和主语.考生应注意：
(1)以 “a” 开头的形容词如alone, alike, asleep, awake等不能做前置定语,可做表语或后置定语.
(2)某些以副词词缀 “-ly” 结尾的词是形容词,如friendly, leisurely, lovely等.
(3)下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语：remain, keep, become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look.如：
All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.
2.副词主要测试其修饰作用
考生应了副词可修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、整个句子.如：
This pair of shoes isn’t good, but that pair is hardly better.
(与前半句的否定意义吻合)
It’s essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.
Andrew, my father’s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family’s disappointment.
Most of us are of the opinion that this set of training program is among the most wisely devised ones we have seen so far.
3.考比较级时,考生应把握
(1)形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现,即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结构.如：
Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performance.
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.
(2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念.如：
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half that of last year’s.
Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.
(3)比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather,还有表示倍数比较的词等,他们的位置是：修饰语+as…as…, 或修饰语+more…than….如：
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.”
(4)下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：
inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefer to,superior,major,junior,preferable,differ from,compared with,in comparison with,different from,rather than.如：
Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.
4.最高级形式应注意的问题
(1)最高级比较范围用介词in, over, of, among.
in, (all)over用于在某一范围内的比较,如：in China, all over the world; of, among 用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较,如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.
注意：among…相当于one of…,不说among all….这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来.如：
Of all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.
(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义时,比较对象的范围应用：
any other +单数名词
the other +复数名词
the others
anyone/anything else
上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语,切不可遗漏,否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误.如不能说：John runs faster than anyone.注意与汉语表达的不同.
5.有关比较级的特殊句型
(1)not so much…as…与其说……不如说……
The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
(2)no/not any more…than…两者一样都不……The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.
(3)no /not any less…than…两者一样都……She is no less beautiful than her sister.
(4)just as…so….正如……,……也……(用倒装结构)Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere
定语和表语的区别
定义：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.
充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任.此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语. 形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔.
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩. There is a good boy./有个乖男孩.
数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔. The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生.
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩.
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔. His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆.
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.

介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔. The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆.
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.

名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔. It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔.
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.

副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔. The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom.

不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔. The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆. There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做.


分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔. The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的. There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩.
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔.
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆.
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个.
定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语.
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语. 1）定语前置

在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语.但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序.其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材,指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小,高矮,肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途.如：
a famous American university
an interesting little red French oil painting
a new plastic bucket
purple velvet curtains
an elegant German clock
表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后.
一. 名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.

非洲是个大洲.

That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题.
二. 代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
三. 形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了.
四. 数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人.
五. 不定式或ing形式作表语
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑.

Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好.
六. 介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了.
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在.

七. 副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了.
I must be off now.
现在我得走了.
八. 从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话. 不定式作表语

作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词： hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐.
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手.

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作.

额 楼下这位好详细。我只记得表语很多时候是名词，而定语是修饰名词的状态的，形容词当然也是形容名词的啦，副词是形容形容词和动词的。