英语翻译Functional or gene-speciﬁc markers are derived frompolymorphic sites within genes that are directly associatedwith phenotypic variations (Andersen and Lu¨bberstedt2003; Gupta and Rustgi 2004; Bagge et al.2007).Duringthe past decad

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英语翻译Functional or gene-speciﬁc markers are derived frompolymorphic sites within genes that are directly associatedwith phenotypic variations (Andersen and Lu¨bberstedt2003; Gupta and Rustgi 2004; Bagge et al.2007).Duringthe past decad
Functional or gene-speciﬁc markers are derived from
功能或基因-特定标记来自
polymorphic sites within genes that are directly associated
多态基因内的网站直接相关
with phenotypic variations (Andersen and Lu¨bberstedt
与表型变体(安德森和鲁bberstedt¨
2003; Gupta and Rustgi 2004; Bagge et al.2007).During
2003;Gupta,2004年Rustgi;Bagge et al .2007年).在
the past decades,molecular mapping has identiﬁed chro-
过去几十年,分子映射已经确认了chro -
mosome regions carrying important genes in wheat using
mosome地区携带的重要基因在小麦使用
SSR,RFLP,AFLP,RAPD and DArT markers.However,
SSR、RFLP,手术,以及飞镖RAPD标记.然而,
these usually neutral genetic markers can be some distance
这些通常是中立的遗传标记可以一些距离
from the targeted genes,and thus are often population-
从目标基因,因此往往人口
speciﬁc or parent related,and their predictive value
具体或父母相关,和他们的预测价值
depends on the degree of linkage between markers and
取决于程度的之间的联系,标记和
target locus alleles in speciﬁc populations (Bagge et al.
目标轨迹等位基因在特定人群(Bagge et al.
2007).As a result,relatively few linked markers are used in
2007年).因此,相对几个链接的标记中使用
breeding.In contrast,FMs developed from functional gene
繁殖.相比之下,发达国家从FMs功能基因
sequences accurately discriminate alleles at one locus and
准确地辨别一序列等位基因位点和
represent ideal markers for marker-assisted selection
代表理想标记分子标记辅助选择
(MAS) in breeding.FMs have apparent advantages over
(MAS)在繁殖.FMs有明显的优势
random DNA markers,because they are diagnostic of the
随机的DNA标记,因为它们是诊断的
desired trait allele (Varshney et al.2005)
优点等位基因(Varshney et al .2005年)

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功能性或gene-speciﬁ碳标记是来自
在多态位点的基因，是直接相关
与表型变异（安徒生和路¨bberstedt
2003；那么rustgi2004；抒情等。2007）。在
在过去的几十年中，分子图识别ﬁ教育相—
mosome区域进行重要基因在小麦
苏维埃社会主义共和国，限制性片段长度多态性，分子，分子和飞镖标志。不过。
这些通常是中立的遗传标记可以是一段距离
从有针对性的基因，因此往往是人口—
特别ﬁ或父母的关系，和他们的预测值
依赖的程度之间的联系标记和
靶位点的等位基因在特定ﬁ丙人口（抒情等。
2007）。因此，相对较少的联系标记中使用
育种。与此相反，柔性制造系统从功能基因
序列准确区分等位基因的一个基因和
是理想的标记辅助选择
（马来西亚）育种。柔性制造系统具有明显的优势
随机标记，因为它们是诊断的
理想性状等位基因（瓦尔什尼等人。2005）

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