英语翻译Early accounts served mainly to assist the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone.Cruder forms of accounting were inadequate for the problems created by a business entity in

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英语翻译Early accounts served mainly to assist the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone.Cruder forms of accounting were inadequate for the problems created by a business entity in
英语翻译
Early accounts served mainly to assist the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone.Cruder forms of accounting were inadequate for the problems created by a business entity involving multiple investors,so double-entry bookkeeping first emerged in northern Italy in the 14th century,where trading ventures began to require more capital than a single individual was able to invest.The development of joint stock companies created wider audiences for accounts,as investors without firsthand knowledge of their operations relied on accounts to provide the requisite information.[6]
This development resulted in a split of accounting systems for internal (i.e.management accounting) and external (i.e.financial accounting) purposes,and subsequently also in accounting and disclosure regulations and a growing need for independent attestation of external accounts by auditors.[7]
Today,accounting is called "the language of business" because it is the vehicle for reporting financial information about a business entity to many different groups of people.Accounting that concentrates on reporting to people inside the business entity is called management accounting and is used to provide information to employees,managers,owner-managers and auditors.Management accounting is concerned primarily with providing a basis for making management or operating decisions.Accounting that provides information to people outside the business entity is called financial accounting and provides information to present and potential shareholders,creditors such as banks or vendors,financial analysts,economists,and government agencies.Because these users have different needs,the presentation of financial accounts is very structured and subject to many more rules than management accounting.The body of rules that governs financial accounting is called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,or GAAP.[8]

英语翻译Early accounts served mainly to assist the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone.Cruder forms of accounting were inadequate for the problems created by a business entity in
早期的会计主要是为了帮助业者记忆,而会计的受众也仅仅是业主或者薄记员.比较原始的会计已经无法应付牵扯多个投资者的企业实体所要面临的各种问题,于是在十四世纪初期的意大利北方地区首次出现了复式计帐法,当时那里的贸易所需资本就已经开始超过单个投资者的能力了.股份公司的发展为会计创造了范围更广的受众,这是因为无法掌握这些运作第一手资料的投资者需要依靠会计来提供所需的信息.{6}
这一进展造成了会计体系分成内用(即管理会计)和外用(即金融会计)两种,随后还催生了会计准则和信息公开准则以及由审计师对外部会计进行独立证实的要求日渐增多.{7}
时至今日,会计被称为“企业的语言”,这是因为会计是向很多不同人群报告某个企业实体财务信息的方式.主要向企业实体内部人员报告的会计被称做管理会计,它用来向雇员、经理、业主-经理和审计师提供有关信息.管理会计主要关注的是为管理决策或运营决策提供决策依据.向企业实体外部人员提供信息的会计被称为金融会计,它用来向当前和潜在的股东、诸如银行或卖方等债权人、金融分析师、经济学家以及各政府部门提供有关信息.由于这些用户具有不同的需要,金融会计的呈示要求结构严谨并且需要遵守的规定比管理会计要多.管理金融会计的一系列原则叫做公认会计原则,简称GAAP.{8}

早期的账户主要服务帮助记忆的商人与观众对于该账户的所有者或记录持有者孤独。取笑形式的会计不足问题的事业单位由一个涉及多个投资者,所以双式簿记第一次出现在14世纪的意大利北部,在贸易企业开始需要更多的资金比一个人能够投资。股份公司的发展创造了更广泛的观众,因为投资者在帐单经营中没有第一手资讯,依靠帐户提供所需信息。[6]
这种发展导致了一份内部会计制度(即管理会计)与外部(即财务会计)目...

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早期的账户主要服务帮助记忆的商人与观众对于该账户的所有者或记录持有者孤独。取笑形式的会计不足问题的事业单位由一个涉及多个投资者,所以双式簿记第一次出现在14世纪的意大利北部,在贸易企业开始需要更多的资金比一个人能够投资。股份公司的发展创造了更广泛的观众,因为投资者在帐单经营中没有第一手资讯,依靠帐户提供所需信息。[6]
这种发展导致了一份内部会计制度(即管理会计)与外部(即财务会计)目的,随后也在会计和信息披露法规和越来越需要外部的描述都是独立认证[7]审计人员。
今天,会计被称为“商业的语言”,因为它汽车报告财务信息,一个事业单位到许多不同的人群中。会计集中并汇报给事业单位里的人被称为管理会计,用来提供信息员工管理者、企业的所有者和审计师。管理会计主要与有关提供了依据进行管理和经营决策。会计以外的人提供信息来事业单位被称为财务会计和提供信息来现在和潜在的股东、债权人如银行或供应商、财务分析,经济学家,和政府机构。因为这些用户的需求不同,财务报表的列报很结构化和接受更多的规则多于《管理会计》。身体的规则,管辖财务会计被称为一般公认会计原则。[公认会计准则的前提下,
我直接用有道词典翻译的,希望对你有帮助.

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早期的账目仅为了帮助商人更好地记住自己的收入支出,因此当时账目记录的使用者主要投资者,业主或是独立的个体商者。待到最初简单的会计账目形式已无法满足商业投资人的需求,14世纪意大利北部一些需求更大商业资本的地区开始出现复式计帐模式。一些联合发行股份的公司衍生出更雄厚的会计受众:无专业资本知识但仅凭会计账目来提供一切必需的信息。
会计学的进一步扩展昭示着其内部分支的出现:会计学按照服务对象不同...

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早期的账目仅为了帮助商人更好地记住自己的收入支出,因此当时账目记录的使用者主要投资者,业主或是独立的个体商者。待到最初简单的会计账目形式已无法满足商业投资人的需求,14世纪意大利北部一些需求更大商业资本的地区开始出现复式计帐模式。一些联合发行股份的公司衍生出更雄厚的会计受众:无专业资本知识但仅凭会计账目来提供一切必需的信息。
会计学的进一步扩展昭示着其内部分支的出现:会计学按照服务对象不同,可分为财务会计(也有称为对外会计)和主要为单位内部经营管理需要提供信息服务的管理会计(也有称为对内会计)。
如今我们称会计学是 “商业沟通的语言”,是因为它一个商业实体所有财务信息的载体。侧重于向实体内部人士汇报的会计学被称为管理会计或对外内会计,它主要的职能是为雇员,管理层,董事会以及稽核者提供必要的会计信息。管理会计主要为企业实体的管理与运作提供基本的信息。而为企业实体外部的人士提供账务信息的称作财务会计会对外会计,财务会计指通过对企业已经完成的资金运动全面系统的核算与监督,为外部与企业有经济利害关系的投资人、债权人和政府有关部门提供企业的财务状况与盈利能力等经济信息。财务会计准则的主体被称为通用会计原则,可缩写成GAAP。

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