谁用英文帮我解释一下下面的概念 要英文的解释,1.vicious circle of poverty advantage2.non-alignment movement3.import substitution policy4.economic integration5.gershenkron's theory of the latecomers'6.flying geese model of east asia

谁用英文帮我解释一下下面的概念 要英文的解释,1.vicious circle of poverty advantage2.non-alignment movement3.import substitution policy4.economic integration5.gershenkron's theory of the latecomers'6.flying geese model of east asia
谁用英文帮我解释一下下面的概念 要英文的解释,
1.vicious circle of poverty advantage
2.non-alignment movement
3.import substitution policy
4.economic integration
5.gershenkron's theory of the latecomers'
6.flying geese model of east asia
7.shallow financing
8.highly leveraged financingi

谁用英文帮我解释一下下面的概念 要英文的解释,1.vicious circle of poverty advantage2.non-alignment movement3.import substitution policy4.economic integration5.gershenkron's theory of the latecomers'6.flying geese model of east asia
咱俩一专业~
我甚至都怀疑你是不是也是GSIS的学生了……= =
1、贫困的恶性循环
In the model "The vicious circle of poverty" the link between lack of capital and underdevelopment is emphasized.The theory of the vicious circle of poverty can be used both at the national and individual levels and the circle starts all over again with a situation where the nation does not have money.This process goes on and on.有个图,带不上了~抱歉~
2、不结盟运动
抱歉我也米有~我也在寻找中……= =
3、进口替代政策
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
4、经济一体化
Economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economies are integrated.As economic integration increases,the barriers of trade between markets diminish.
5、格申克隆（经济史学家）的后发优势论
The backwardness model is a theory of economic growth created by Alexander Gerschenkron.The model postulates that the more backward an economy is at the outset of economic development,the more likely certain conditions are to occur.In the early stage of economic development,rapid economic growth can be achieved by utilizing well-established technologies from advanced countries,taking the “advantages of relative backwardness” as theorized by gershenkron.As Gershenkron pointed out,the greater the backlog of technical innovations that the backward country can adopt from the more advanced country,the greater is possibility of successful industrialization.
6、东亚雁行模型（这个网上好找~我没电子版~抱歉……）
7、Under shallow finance,the real interest rate can be low or negative which discourages investment; governments have inadvertently adopted shallow finance by capping interest rates to encourage investment; however,capping the nominal interest rate will discourage saving (especially if there is inflation,which deduces the real interest rate); as a result,there is a both a shortage of investment funds and a misallocation of available investment funds.
8、好吧……这个也没有……= =
不知道能帮上楼主不?

1.(额乜唔知哈)
2.不结盟运动
3.代替进口政策
4.经济一体化
5."gershenkron" (What's this?)
6.鹅模型飞行东亚
7.浅财务
8.高度杠杆作用的金融...